Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,062 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Which of the following are organelles of the cell?

  1. Cytosol

  2. Lysosomes

  3. Cell wall

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Organelles are usually membrane-bound structures inside the cell that have specific functions. Some major organelles that are suspended in the cytosol are the mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysosomes and in plant cells; chloroplasts. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Which of the following is the component of cytoplasm?

  1. Cytosol

  2. Cytoplasmic inclusions

  3. Organelles

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid present in cells that hold organelles and surrounded by the cell membrane. The cytoplasm has three major components- the cytosol, organelles and cytoplasmic inclusions, of which the cytosol is the thick fluid where other cytoplasmic elements remain suspended. The cytosol consists of 70% to 90% water, and it is usually colourless. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Identify the statement that is not true.

  1. Cytoplasm contains jelly-like substance

  2. Nucleus makes food for the plant

  3. Chloroplast contains chlorophyll

  4. Cytoplasm is the site where many cell activities take place
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The cytoplasm is the jelly-like matrix in the interior of the cell. The chloroplast contains the chlorophyll pigments which are involved in the production of the food. The solar energy is captured and used for making the food for the plant. The cytoplasm is the site where many cell processes takes place.

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

The site of translation is

  1. The endoplasmic reticulum

  2. The nucleus

  3. The cytosol

  4. The Golgi complex

  5. The cell membrane
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The nucleus is the site for DNA replication and transcription. Translation is the process of synthesis of polypeptides by polymerization of amino acids on ribosomes using the mRNA triplets as a template. Ribosomes serve as the site of translation and the process takes place in the cytosol. ER is eukaryotic organelle with a network of tubules, vesicles and cisternae within the cells. Ribosomes are present on the surface of RER but not on SER. Golgi complex serves to modify and pack the proteins synthesized on ER by ribosomes.  The correct answer is C.  

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Which part of the cell is wrongly matched with its function?

  1. Nucleus - controls the activities of the cell

  2. Cytoplasm - makes chlorophyll in green plants

  3. Cell wall - protects a plant cell

  4. Cell membrane - lets water and gas in and out of the cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The nucleus is the main organelle which controls the activities of all the other organelles present in the eukaryotic cell. 

The chloroplast contains the green chlorophyll pigments in the cells of the green plants.
The cell wall is the outer layer of a cell which provides protection to the plant cell. 
The cell membrane is selectively permeable and allows the water and gas to enter and exit from the cell.
Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Jelly-like semifluid complex of cytoplasm is called 

  1. Endoplast

  2. Cytosol

  3. Cytoplasmic matrix

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The jelly-like semifluid complex of cytoplasm is called cytosol or cytoplasmic 
matrix or intracellular fluid.
  • In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is surrounded by the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles except nucleus. The cytosol is thus a liquid matrix around the organelles.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Substance forming $80$% of cytoplasm in plant cells is

  1. Proteins

  2. Water

  3. Fats

  4. Minerals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cytoplasm is the fluid which is present in the living cell. It lies between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane. It consists of 80% water. It is a colorless liquid which holds the cell organelle and helps in intracellular and intercellular transport. The cellular process like glycolysis and the cell division occurs in the cytoplasm. So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Gel part below the plasma membrane is

  1. Ectoplasm

  2. Endoplasm

  3. Plasmalemma

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The gel part below the plasma membrane is ectoplasm.
  • The cytoplasm of the cell can be divided into two i.e, ectoplasm and endoplasm.
  • Ectoplasm or exoplasm is the outer, non-granulated gel-like part of the cytoplasm of the cell near to the plasma membrane.
  • Whereas. the endoplasm is the inner granulated layer of the cytoplasm.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Ectoplasm'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

The main arena of various activities of a cell is

  1. Mitochondrion

  2. Cytoplasm

  3. Nucleus

  4. Plasma membrane
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • The main arena of various cellular activities of a cell occur is cytoplasm.
  • Cytoplasm can be defined as a jellylike material present within the cell (inside the cell membrane) which surrounds the nucleus.
  • All the cellular organelles such as mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, and chloroplasts, are contained in the cytoplasm (all the cellular activities carried out here).
  • So, the correct answer is 'Cytoplasm'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Which one is not properly paired?

  1. Golgi apparatus- Breaking of complex macromolecules

  2. Endoplasmic reticulum- Protein synthesis

  3. Mitochondria- Oxidative phosphorylation

  4. Chloroplasts- Photosynthesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. Golgi apparatus is an organelle found in the eukaryotic cells which forms a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm that is involved in secretion and helps in intracellular transport.
B. The endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough) is an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs which helps in the synthesis of lipids (SER) and proteins (RER).
C. The mitochondria is a double-membraned cell organelle (powerhouse of the cell) which is the site of the ETC and synthesis of ATP molecule or oxidative phosphorylation.
D. Chloroplast is a plastid which contains chlorophyll (green pigment) and is  present in the green parts of plants where photosynthesis takes place.
So, the correct answer is 'Golgi apparatus-Breaking of complex macromolecules'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Most of the water found in the young cell occurs in

  1. Cell wall

  2. Nucleus

  3. Cytoplasm

  4. Vacuoles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Cytoplasm is the fluid which is present in the living cell. It lies between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane. It consists of 80% water. It is a colourless liquid which holds the cell organelle and helps in intracellular and intercellular transport. The cellular process like glycolysis and the cell division occurs in the cytoplasm. 
The nucleus contains genetic material like DNA and RNA and helps in the inheritance of genetic characteristics.
The cell wall is made up of cellulose and provides structure and shape to the cell.
Vacuoles are the storage organelles which stores air, water, and food.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

The fluid in which organelles of the cell are suspended is called ___________.

  1. Cytosol

  2. Chromoplasm

  3. Chromoplast

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The cytoplasm is a fluid found in cells and the organelles suspended within. Cytoplasm is found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The fluid of cytoplasm is called cytosol.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Cytoplasmic inheritance is due to

  1. Plastids

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Cytoplasmic particles

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Extranuclear inheritance or cytoplasmic inheritance is the transmission of genes that occur outside the nucleus. It is found in most eukaryotes and is commonly known to occur in cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Mitochondria with their mitochondrial DNA from the mother's egg cell are incorporated into the zygote and passed to daughter cells,

So, the correct answer is 'All the above'.