Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,062 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

.......... is the site for many biochemical reactions necessary to sustain life.

  1. Cytoplasm

  2. Ribosome

  3. Cell membrane

  4. Cell wall
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ribosomes are cell organelles, which are present in free or in bound form. They are involved in the synthesis of proteins.  
The cell membrane is the outer covering of the cell, which protects the cell. It also supports the framework of the cell. 
The cell wall is a protective outer covering of the cell. It supports the contents of the cell and protects from pathogen attack and wear and tear. It is made of cellulose, lignin. 

Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance present in all cells. All of the cell organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm. Most of the cellular activities as metabolic pathways like glycolysis, key processes like cell division occur in the cytoplasm. Hence, it is the place, where life-sustaining biochemical reactions occur. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Plasmagel or gel part of cytosol in contact with plasmalemma is 

  1. Ectoplasm

  2. Hyaloplasm

  3. Hyalosome

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cytoplasm refers to the living the material or the protoplast within a cell excluding the nucleus.
  • It is divided into two parts-  ectoplasm and endoplasm.
  • Ectoplasm- is the outer, non-granulated part of the cytoplasm. 
  • Endoplasm- is the inner granulated layer of the cytoplasm.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Ectoplasm'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Cytoplasm constitutes of about .......... percentage of water.

  1. 70

  2. 80

  3. 20

  4. 40
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid surrounded by the cell membrane and holds all the organelles. It is made up of eighty percent water and is usually clear and colourless. It helps in intracellular exchange of materials.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Animal cytoplasm is composed of 

  1. Proteins

  2. Salt

  3. Nucleotides

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid present in cells that hold organelles and surrounded by the cell membrane. In eukaryotes, the nucleus of a cell is separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane, known as a nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm of the animal cell is made of proteins, carbohydrates, salts, sugars, amino acids and nucleotides. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Which one is an extracytoplasmic cell organelle?

  1. Vacuole

  2. E.R.

  3. Nucleus

  4. Golgi apparatus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cytoplasm refers to the living the material or the protoplast within a cell excluding the nucleus.
  • Therefore, extracytoplasmic cell organelle refers to those organelles outside to the cell cytoplasm.
  • A nucleus is the only cell organelle excluded from the cytoplasm.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Nucleus'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Protoplast excluding nucleus is called 

  1. Cytoplasm

  2. Endoplasm

  3. Ectoplasm

  4. Protoplasm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Protoplast refers to an entire cell including the cell membrane, cell organelles and the nucleus, excluding the cell wall (in plants and few algae).
  • Cytoplasm refers to the living the material or the protoplast within a cell excluding the nucleus.
  • So the correct answer is 'Cytoplasm'.
Multiple choice biology reproduction in living organisms regeneration asexual modes of reproduction reproduction in animals

Regeneration is carried out by specialized cells. 

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Regeneration is the process of renewal, restoration, and growth of cells which lead to the renewal of lost or damaged parts or cells. All the cells of the body do not take part in the regeneration rather the cells involved in regeneration are cells which have immense potential to divide and differentiate. In lizards, the cells of blastema actively takes part in the regeneration and it is capable of growth composed of pleuripotent cells which retains memory of tissue origin. So, the given statement is true.

Multiple choice biology reproduction in living organisms regeneration asexual modes of reproduction reproduction in animals

The lost portion of the liver is regenerated by 

  1. Reparative regeneration

  2. Compensatory hypertrophy

  3. Heteromorphic regeneration

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • The liver is the only internal organ that can regenerate itself.
  • Hepatocytes are the liver cells that are responsible for the liver's ability to regenerate; they act as stem cells that can re-form liver tissue. The liver can regenerate after either surgical removal or after chemical injury. It is known that as little as 25% of the original liver mass can regenerate back to its full size.
  • The lost portion of dissected liver regenerates by Compensatory hypertrophy i.e The growth which is a result of increased cell size.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Compensatory hypertrophy'.
Multiple choice biology reproduction in living organisms regeneration asexual modes of reproduction reproduction in animals

Which of the following cells give rise to the blastema in Hydra?

  1. Interstitial cells

  2. Mesenchymal cells

  3. Neoblasts

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

C- A mass of cell capable of growth and regeneration into organs or body parts is called as blastema that means these cells can grow in any type of cells except neurons.For the formation of blastema adult stem cells known as neoblasts are required before occurence of any regeneration.

Multiple choice biology reproduction in living organisms regeneration asexual modes of reproduction reproduction in animals

The lost portion of dissected liver regenerates. It is an example of 

  1. Reparative regeneration

  2. Restorative regeneration

  3. Compensatory hypertrophy

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • The liver is the only internal organ that can regenerate itself.
  • Hepatocytes are the liver cells that are responsible for the liver's ability to regenerate; they act as stem cells that can re-form liver tissue.
  • The lost portion of dissected liver regenerates. It is an example of Compensatory hypertrophy i.e The growth which is a result of increased cell size.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Compensatory hypertrophy'.
Multiple choice biology reproduction in living organisms regeneration asexual modes of reproduction reproduction in animals

Reparative regeneration involves

  1. Replacement of lost part

  2. Growth of whole organism from fragment

  3. Healing of injury

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Regeneration of damaged cells or tissues in the injured parts, in multicellular organisms is called reparative regeneration. It occurs in invertebrates and vertebrates.

So, the correct option is ‘Healing of injury’.

Multiple choice biology reproduction in living organisms regeneration asexual modes of reproduction reproduction in animals

Regeneration of Hydra is

  1. Morphollaxis by interstitial cells

  2. Epimorphosis by interstitial cells

  3. Epimorphosis by archaeocytes

  4. Epimorphosis by glandular cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The reconstruction of an entire animal from a small fragment by reorganizing the existing cells is called Morphallaxis. The regenerated animal is far smaller than the original one after the completion of the process. It grows to attain the normal size. In Hydra, morphallaxis takes place by intestinal cells.

So, the correct option is ‘Morphollaxis by intestinal cells’.

Multiple choice biology reproduction in living organisms regeneration asexual modes of reproduction reproduction in animals

Arrange the following in sequential order.
a) Autolysis and phagocytosis to remove the cell debris.
b) Wound closure by epidermal tissue.
c) Formation of the blastema.
d) Redifferentiation of cells.
e) The growth of blastema.
f) Dedifferentiation of tissues.

  1. b, a, f, c,e,d

  2. d, a, f, c,e,b

  3. b, a, e, c,f,d

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The sequential order of wound healing is :
  • b)Wound closure by epidermal tissue.
  • a) Autolysis and phagocytosis to remove the cell debris.
  • f) Dedifferentiation of tissues.
  • c) Formation of the blastema(mass of cells capable of growth and regeneration into organs or body parts).
  • e) The growth of blastema.
  • d) Dedifferentiation of tissues.
  • So, the correct answer is 'b, a, f, c,e,d'.
Multiple choice development of plants plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

Which of the following are the products of redifferentiation?

  1. Guard cells

  2. Bulliform cells

  3. Complimentary cells

  4. Subsidiary cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Redifferentiation is the event of losing the ability to divide by dedifferentiated cells, the plant tissue culture is an example of redifferentiation in which parenchyma cells are made to divide under controlled laboratory condition.
Interfasicular cambium and cork cambium are also examples of redifferentiation.
As guard cells are parenchymatous cells, which divide and then matures, it can also be considered as the example or product of it.
Multiple choice development of plants plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

In which of the following process differentiated cell returned to their original specialized form?

  1. Dedifferentiation

  2. Redifferentiation

  3. Vernalization

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Redifferentiation occurs when dedifferentiated cells regain specialized characteristics and functions. The question describes cells returning to specialized form, which matches the definition of redifferentiation in plant biology.