Tag: applications of biotechnology

Human cloning has been used to create stem cells which can cure many genetic and acquired diseases. If a person is suffering from kidney disease and requires a new kidney, he can be provided by kidney developed from his own stem cells using cloning technique. This technique is used to create healthy stem cells from a diabetic patient which will produce insulin after successful transplantation into the body. However, cloning technique would be help in curing acquired diseases. 

During sexual reproduction, fertilization creates a single-celled zygote which includes genetic material from both gametes. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) joins up so that homologous chromosome sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by an exchange of genetic information. Whereas, cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially. In nature, many organisms produce clones through asexual reproduction.

Vector DNA, with foreign gene is called recombinant DNA. rDNA undergo multiplication by binary fission of host cells or gene cloning process.

So, the correct option is ‘it’s host bacterium divides by binary fisison’.

Dolly was a female domestic sheep, and the first animal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer. She was cloned by Ian Wilmut, Keith Campbell and colleagues at the Roslin institute, based near Edinburgh. She was born on 5 July, 1996 and died from a progressive lung disease 5 months before her seventh birthday. The cell used as the donor for the cloning of Dolly was taken from a mammary gland, and the production of a healthy clone therefore, proved that a cell taken from a specific part of the body could recreate a whole individual. Hence, option A is correct. 

• Embryo transfer is the technique in which the developing embryo from a pregnant superior breed is removed and transferred to another female with inferior characters for establishing the pregnancy and in whose body further development takes place till birth. It is used in humans as well as animals.

Cloning is the production of identical genetic copies. All forms of asexual reproduction are variations of the cell division process of mitosis. Asexual reproduction is sometimes called as cloning and the individual copy produced by cloning method is called as a clone.

It is given that the recipient cell has  been enucleated. It means its nucleus or genetic material has been removed. Hence, the organism that will develop from it would have the nuclear genes of donor embryonal/ somatic cell. Hence, the organism will have extra nuclear genes of recipient cell.