Tag: applications of biotechnology

• E. coli is a perfect model for several reasons: E. coli is a single-celled organism that can be manipulated and killed with no ethical concerns. It has a rapid growth rate and is very easy to culture and grow. Finally, and most importantly, E. coli genetics are well-studied and can be manipulated easily.
• The basis of Agrobacterium-mediated genetic engineering is that the T-DNA of A. tumefaciens is excised and integrates into the plant genome as part of the natural infection process by this bacterium. An Agrobacterium cell to act as the vehicle for a transforming plasmid. a Ti plasmid with functional Vir genes.

Golden rice, Rosie and Dogie all are genetically modified organisms. Dolly, the sheep is a coloured animal, as she was created using an unmodified cell. 

Since A. tumefaciens is a natural plant genetic engineer known to induce tumours in plants by transferring j and integrating its DNA into the host genome. Therefore, by slightly manipulating, i.e., removing the tumour causing genes and replacing them with desired genes, it can be easily used as a plant vector.

A transgene is a gene or genetic material that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques from one organism to another. The introduction of a transgene (called transgenesis) has the potential to change the phenotype of an organism.

Triticale is a crop species (cereal grain) formed as a result of cross between wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale). It combines the yield potential and grain quality of wheat with the disease and environmental tolerance (including soil conditions) of rye. So, the correct option is 'wheat and rye'.

Flavr Savr (also known as CGN-89564-2), is a genetically modified tomato, that was the first commercially grown genetically engineered food to be granted a license for human consumption. It was produced by the Californian company Calgene.

Genetically modified organisms (GMO) are those organisms whose genetic material has been altered using techniques in genetics generally known as recombinant DNA.
They have many applications like:
Genetically modified organisms can be used to produce genetically modified food which enhances the nutrient value of food. 
GMOs help to increase yields by protecting crops from pests, weeds thereby reducing the post-harvest losses.
Genetically modified crops is emerging as an effective measure to counteract the negative impact of abiotic stress.
Thus, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Genetically modified crops are the plants whose DNA has been modified by using genetic engineering methods to introduce a new tait in the plants. But several studies indicate serious health risks associated with GMO's including infertility, immune problems, allergic reactions, changes in the system of GIT. The toxins introduced in plants cause allergic reactions in humans , even they move to the GIT of humans or the foetus in pregnant mothers. GMOs also fails the allergic tests because their proteins have some properties similar to allergens. They also reduces our immunity level.