Tag: applications of biotechnology

Questions Related to applications of biotechnology

Which among the following is true for protein synthesis in bacteria?

bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

  1. It involves all the three types of RNAs (m-RNA, t-RNA and r-RNA)

  2. It involves $3$ types of RNA polymerase

  3. It involves single type of RNA polymerase

  4. It involves RNA processing

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Correct Option: C

Select the wrong pair

bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

  1. RNA polymerase I - Sn RNA 5S rRNA, r-RNA

  2. RNA polymerase I - r-RNA

  3. RNA polymerase II - hnRNA

  4. RNA polymerase III - tRNA

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Correct Option: A

Taq polymerase enzyme is used in

bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

  1. Restriction mapping

  2. Gene cloning

  3. PCR

  4. All of the above

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Taq polymerase is a heat stable enzyme used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify segments of DNA in the lab. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Which of the following would not be a valid reason to use PCR?

bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

  1. Help in analyzing DNA of ancient remains of fossilized woolly mammoth

  2. Help in analyzing the genome of a virus

  3. Help in determining the DNA of a hair sample found at a crime scene

  4. Help in transferring DNA from a plasmid containing GFP into E.coli

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Majorly the PCR is used in analyzing and determining purposes only not the transferring purposes. For transferring purpose vectors are used. In analyzing and determining purposes, the sample is limited i.e. if the sample gets destroyed no analysis can be carried out which can be a big problem in the investigation cases. So to have extra copies of the sample it is first amplified by PCR.

Thermal cycler is used in one of these reactions.

bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

  1. Radioactivity

  2. Enzyme catalysed reaction

  3. Chemical reaction

  4. Polymerase chain reaction

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Correct Option: A

DNA polymerase required for synthesizing copies of DNA at high temperature is obtained from

bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

  1. Thermus aquaticus

  2. Cephalosporium minimum

  3. Bacillus megaterium

  4. Thermoproteus species

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A. Thermus aquaticus is a thermophilic bacteria which survives at high temperatures. Thus it's DNA polymerase is evolved to synthesize DNA at high temperature. This DNA polymerase is commercially available as "Taq polymerase" and is used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

B. Cephalosporium minimum is a plant pathogen and are producers of antibiotic cephalosporin.
C. Bacillus megaterium is a soil bacteria whose DNA polymerase is not thermo resistant. Hence it cannot synthesize DNA at high temperatures.
D. Thermoproteus species are sulphur utilizing hyperthermophiles which grow is acidic hot springs. Such bacteria are difficult to grow in lab conditions. Although its DNA polymerase can synthesize DNA at high temperatures, due to inability to grow in lab conditions, its DNA polymerase cannot be obtained.
Hence the correct answer is 'Thermus aquaticus'

Which of the following techniques is used to make numerous copies of a specific segment of DNA quickly and accurately?

bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

  1. Translation

  2. Transcription

  3. Polymerase chain reaction

  4. Ligase chain reaction

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

For making numerous copies of a specific segment of DNA three steps are required

1.Denaturing
2.Annealing
3.Extending
Which is called a polymerase reaction.
So, the correct option is 'Polymerase chain reaction'.

Read the following statements carefully and select the correct option:
(A) Source of the restriction enzyme Hind III is E.coli
(B) In biolistic method of gene transfer, mircoparticles made up of gold or tungsten are coated with foreign DNA
(C) Micro-injection method for injecting recombinant DNA is used for animal cell
(D) Primers are chemically synthesized oligonucleotides that are complementary to the regions of DNA in PCR.
How many of the above statement are correct?

bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

  1. Four

  2. Three

  3. Two

  4. One

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A)

Restriction enzymes, also called restriction endonuclease, is a protein that cuts DNA after recognizing a specific sequence of DNA. Hind III is a type  II site-specific deoxyribonuclease restriction enzyme isolated from Haemophilus influenzae that cleaves the DNA via hydrolysis.

B)

In the bolistic method of gene transfer, a gene gun is used to transfer exogenous or foreign DNA  in the cell. A droplet of tungsten powder and genetic material is a bullet. Gold is favored at the place of tungsten as it has better uniformity than tungsten and tungsten can be toxic to cells.

C) 
Micro-injection method for injecting recombinant DNA is used to produce transgenic mice. Harvested oocytes of the mouse are injected with the genetic material and then implanted in the oviduct of a pseudopregnant animal.

D)
A primer is a short strand of RNA or DNA that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis.In vitro lab techniques that use DNA polymerase, DNA. primers are used. They are usually short, chemically synthesized oligonucleotides, with a length of about twenty bases.
Therefore A, B, and D are correct statements. Answer is B.

What does G.M.O stand for?

zoology applications of biotechnology biotechnological regulations pcr asexual modes of reproduction

  1. Genetically Modified Organism

  2. Growth Maturity Order

  3. Good Maturing Offspring

  4. Gold Medal Order

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

GMO stands for Genetically modified organisms. Any organism whose genetic material is modified by the use of genetic engineering technique is known as genetically modified organism. It is basically used to produce biotechnological products for the benefit of mankind.

So, the correct answer is option A.

A genetically manipulated organism containing in its genome one or more inserted gene of another species is called as

zoology applications of biotechnology biotechnological regulations pcr asexual modes of reproduction

  1. Transposon

  2. Gene expression

  3. Transgenic organism

  4. Retroposons

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Transposons are movable DNA sequences that can move (or jump) from one location in the genome to another and are found in bacteria. They leave a copy of themselves in the original position when they move to a new site. This phenomenon is significant  in antibiotic resistance. 

Retroposons are variants of transposons that move via an intermediate RNA form. They transcribe DNA element into RNA which is then reverse transcribed into DNA. This newly formed cDNA is inserted at a new site in the genome. The process of synthesis of a functional gene product using the information from a gene is gene expression. Functional product of protein coding genes is protein, but non-protein coding genes code for as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes. 
Organisms carrying one/more gene or genes from a different species/organism is a transgenic. They are produced to impart advantageous traits which were not there in them.