Biology · General Awareness

Vitamins and Nutrition

1,711 Questions

Review essential concepts of human nutrition, focusing on macro and micronutrients. The questions cover vitamin deficiencies, sources, and their physiological roles such as blood clotting and vision. This material is highly relevant for the general science section of various government exams.

Vitamin sources and functionsMacronutrients for energyBlood coagulation vitaminsDeficiency diseasesNutrient absorption mechanisms

Vitamins and Nutrition Questions

Multiple choice biology animal tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

A muscle is rich in 

  1. Fat

  2. Protein

  3. Vitamins

  4. Carbohydrate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A muscle is rich in protein. The muscle cells contain protein filaments of actin and myosin. Actin is a thin filament and myosin is a thick filament. These protein filaments slide past one another to produce contraction. This results in change in length and shape of the cell.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Protein.'

Multiple choice evs - i constituents of food minerals in our diets types of nutrients nutrients and deficiency

Vitamin A is present in ?

  1. fish liver oil

  2. milk

  3. butter

  4. all of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Vitamin A is present in liver, milk, green and yellow vegetables and yellow fruits, such as broccoli, spinach, turnip greens, carrots, squash, sweet potatoes, pumpkin, apricots, cod liver oil and in animal sources such as liver, milk, butter, cheese, and whole eggs etc.

Hence, the correct option is D.
Multiple choice evs - i constituents of food minerals in our diets types of nutrients nutrients and deficiency

Match the name of vitamins in column I with their sources in column II and mark the appropriate choice. 

Column I Column II
(A) Vitamin ${B} _{1}$ (i) Milk, yeast, cereals
(B) Vitamin ${B} _{12}$ (ii) Meat, fish, egg
(C) Vitamin A (iii) Carrots, butter, papaya
(D) Vitamin C (iv) Citrus fruits, amla, green leafy vegetables
  1. (A) $\rightarrow$ (iii), (B) $\rightarrow$ (iv), (C) $\rightarrow$ (i), (D) $\rightarrow$ (ii)
  2. (A) $\rightarrow$ (ii), (B) $\rightarrow$ (i), (C) $\rightarrow$ (ii), (D) $\rightarrow$ (iv)
  3. (A) $\rightarrow$ (iv), (B) $\rightarrow$ (iii), (C) $\rightarrow$ (ii), (D) $\rightarrow$ (i)
  4. (A) $\rightarrow$ (i), (B) $\rightarrow$ (ii), (C) $\rightarrow$ (ii), (D) $\rightarrow$ (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamin $B _1$ is mostly found in meat, fish, and poultry products

Vitamin $B _{12}$ is found in cereals, yeast, and most of the milk and milk products
Vitamin A is found in meat, fish, eggs and dairy products
Vitamin C is found naturally in fruits(citrus fruits and their juices) and green leafy vegetables

Multiple choice evs - i constituents of food minerals in our diets types of nutrients nutrients and deficiency

The function of vitamin $D$ is:

  1. calcium absorption in the intestine

  2. normal development of bones and teeth

  3. deposition of calcium and phosphate in bones

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamin $D$ is required for the normal development of bones and teeth.
It regulates the adsorption of calcium and phosphate from intestine and promotes formation of bone.
It helps in deposition of calcium and phosphate in bones.

Multiple choice evs - i constituents of food minerals in our diets types of nutrients nutrients and deficiency

Vitamin D is called:

  1. Ascorbic acid.

  2. Calciferol or ergocalciferol.

  3. Thiamine.

  4. Riboflavin.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamin $D$ is called calciferol or ergocalciferol. lt is a steroid hormone that has long been known for its important role in regulating body levels of calcium and phosphorus, and in mineralization of bone.
Vitamin $D$ in human body exist in two form :
(I) Vitamin $D _2$, also called as ergocalciferol.
(II) Vitamin $D _3$, also called as calciferol or cholecalciferol. 

Multiple choice evs - i constituents of food minerals in our diets types of nutrients nutrients and deficiency

The vitamin essential for synthesis of lipids is

  1. Pantothenic acid

  2. Pyridoxine

  3. Retinol

  4. Biotin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The vitamin essential for synthesis of lipids is biotin.
Biotin is required for carboxylase enzymes that are important in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. Thus it acts like a coenzyme in the metabolism of fatty acids (types of molecules found in fats and oils).

Multiple choice evs - i constituents of food minerals in our diets types of nutrients nutrients and deficiency

Which vitamins are present in much smaller amounts in cells?

  1. $A$
  2. $D$
  3. $B $ and $C$
  4. $K$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamins $B$ and $C$ are present in much smaller amounts in cells. These vitamins are micronutrients. These are required in very minute amounts. Together, they are extremely important for the normal functioning of the body. Their main function is to enable the many chemical reactions to occur in the body.

Multiple choice evs - i constituents of food minerals in our diets types of nutrients nutrients and deficiency

The vitamin which maintain the redox potentials of cells is:

  1. folic acid

  2. ascorbic acid

  3. pyridoxine

  4. calciferol
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The vitamin which maintain the redox potentials of cells is ascorbic acid. It is also called as vitamin $C$. It is the component of plasma and extracellular fluids and so can control lipid peroxidationof cellular membranes, thus maintaining the redox integrity of cells. Vitamin $C$ along with zinc, iron and copper enhances the immunity of the body. It has therapeutic potential against neuro degenerative disease. It is a potent antioxidant and this activity is transition metal-dependent due to its reduction potential. In the absence of enzymes, vitamin $C$ reduces free $Fe^{+3}$ and $Cu^{+2}$ to reactive forms $Fe^{+2}$ and $Cu^{+1}$, which then participate in the radical-producing Fenton reaction.

Multiple choice evs - i constituents of food minerals in our diets types of nutrients nutrients and deficiency

 Which vitamin is not obtained from plants ?

  1. Cyanocobalamine

  2. Thiamine

  3. Pyridoxine
  4. $\alpha-$ tocopherol
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cyanocobalamine is vitamin $B _{12}$. It is manufactured by bacteria and can only be found naturally in animal products. Its main sources are liver of ox, fish, crab, milk, cheese, etc. Thus, it is not obtained from plants.