Biology · General Awareness

Vitamins and Nutrition

1,711 Questions

Review essential concepts of human nutrition, focusing on macro and micronutrients. The questions cover vitamin deficiencies, sources, and their physiological roles such as blood clotting and vision. This material is highly relevant for the general science section of various government exams.

Vitamin sources and functionsMacronutrients for energyBlood coagulation vitaminsDeficiency diseasesNutrient absorption mechanisms

Vitamins and Nutrition Questions

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption digestion in small intestine digestive glands and their secretions alimentary canal

Which reserve a starving man first consumed?

  1. Fat

  2. Protein

  3. Glycogen

  4. Vitamin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Starvation mode is a state in which the body is responding to prolonged periods of low energy intake levels. The body responds to reduced energy intake by burning fat reserves and consuming muscle and other tissues. Specifically, the body burns fat after first exhausting the contents of the digestive tract along with glycogen reserves stored in muscle and liver cells. After prolonged periods of starvation, the body will utilize the proteins within muscle tissue as a fuel source.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The vitamin which works along with para thyroid hormone is

  1. Vitamin C

  2. Calciferol

  3. Tocopherol
  4. Vitamin - $B _{12}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A fall in the concentration of calcium in the bloodstream is detected by the parathyroid glands, which then produce parathyroid hormone. 

Parathyroid hormone increases the activity of the enzyme 1-hydroxylase, which produces active vitamin D. This increase in the concentration of calcium together with vitamin D feeds back to the parathyroid glands to stop further parathyroid hormone release. The production of vitamin D is also directly regulated by calcium, phosphate and calcitriol.

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Yeast in an important source of

  1. Vitamin C

  2. Vitamin B

  3. Vitamin A

  4. Vitamin D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Brewer's yeast is often used as a source of B-complex vitamins, chromium, and selenium. The B-complex vitamins in brewer's yeast include B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B9 (folic acid), and H or B7 (biotin). These vitamins help break down carbohydrates, fats and proteins, which provide the body with energy. They also support the nervous system, help maintain the muscles used for digestion, and keep skin, hair, eyes, mouth, and liver healthy.

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Vitamin $B _{12}$ is synthesized by

  1. Saccharomyces

  2. Acetobacter

  3. Agaricus

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Plants and animals do not have the capacity to synthesize vitamin B12 by their own. But the microorganisms like Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( contains vitamin B12 but there is no clear answer about the source of synthesizing vitamin B12 in this yeast. But it synthesizes vitamin B12.), acetobacter and also by the mushrooms Agaricus. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Vitamin B$ _{12}$ is produced by

  1. Propionibacterium

  2. Ashbya gossypii

  3. Saccharomyces

  4. Rhizopus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamin B$ _{12}$ cannot be made by plants or animals as only bacteria have the enzymes required for its synthesis. Members of the genus Propionibacterium are widely used in the production of vitamin B$ _{12}$.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Which vitamin is synthesised by the bacteria in human gut?

  1. Vitamin A

  2. Vitamin C

  3. Vitamin D

  4. Vitamin K
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Escherichia coli are Gram-negative, facultative aerobic bacteria. They are common inhabitant of human gut. These strains of E. coli are harmless. They form the part of the normal microbiota of the intestine. They live in symbiotic association. They benefit hosts by producing vitamin K$ _2$ and preventing colonization of the intestine with pathogenic bacteria.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Vitamin K.'

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Yeast yields

  1. Vitamin ${ B } _{ 12 }$

  2. Tocopherol

  3. Riboflavin

  4. Ascorbic acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Riboflavin (vitamin B$ _{2}$) is part of the vitamin B group. It is the central component of the cofactors FAD and FMN and as such required for a variety of flavoprotein enzyme reactions including activation of other vitamins. Various biotechnological processes have been developed for industrial scale riboflavin biosynthesis using different microorganisms, including filamentous fungi such as Ashbya gossypii, Candida famata and Candida flaveri, as well as the bacteria Corynebacterium ammoniagenes and Bacillus subtilis. Strains of yeast of the species Candida famata also used to synthesis ribiflavin. Thus, option C is correct. Microorganism Acetobacter is used to yield ascorbic acid. Thus, option D is wrong. Yeast does not yields tocopherol and vitamin B$ _{12}$. Thus, option A and B are wrong.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Liver does not store which of the following

  1. Vitamin A

  2. Vitamin B

  3. Fats

  4. Bile pigments

  5. Both C and D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Fat builds up in the liver cells, when the liver fails to break down, transfer and store fat effectively, causing abnormal liver function and inflammation, which can lead to liver scarring (known as cirrhosis). The main pigment in bile, bilirubin, is a waste product that is formed from hemoglobin (the protein that carries oxygen in the blood) and is excreted in bile. About half the bile secreted between meals flows directly through the common bile duct into the small intestine. The rest of the bile is diverted through the cystic duct into the gallbladder to be stored. Liver stores the fat soluble vitamins (A,D, E & K) and Vit B12.

Multiple choice

What is NOT a reason that vitamins sometimes need to be made synthetically for humans?

  1. not all vitamins are found in natural resources

  2. the natural food source may not be readily available

  3. harvesting its source may be too expensive

  4. over-harvesting its source may damage the environment
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Most vitamins found in nature can be extracted; synthetic production is usually chosen for cost, consistency, environmental impact, or availability, not because they do not exist in nature.