Biology · General Awareness

Vitamins and Nutrition

1,711 Questions

Review essential concepts of human nutrition, focusing on macro and micronutrients. The questions cover vitamin deficiencies, sources, and their physiological roles such as blood clotting and vision. This material is highly relevant for the general science section of various government exams.

Vitamin sources and functionsMacronutrients for energyBlood coagulation vitaminsDeficiency diseasesNutrient absorption mechanisms

Vitamins and Nutrition Questions

Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense blood clotting and healing of wounds coagulation of blood blood clotting

During blood coagulation, vitamin K helps in

  1. Formation of prothrombin

  2. Formation of thromoboplastin

  3. Conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin

  4. Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamin K is a necessary cofactor for the liver to synthesize several clotting factors, most notably prothrombin (Factor II), as well as factors VII, IX, and X.

Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense blood clotting and healing of wounds coagulation of blood blood clotting

During the process of blood coagulation, vitamin k helps in

  1. The formation of thromboplastin

  2. The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

  3. The conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

  4. The formation of prothrombin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamin K helps in the synthesis of prothrombin in the liver.

So, the correct answer is 'The formation of prothrombin'

Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

What should be given to an athlete for instant energy?

  1. Carbohydrates

  2. Protein

  3. Fat

  4. Vitamin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Carbohydrate is essential as the most immediate and efficient fuel to the muscles. In its circulating form in the blood, carbohydrate is called as glucose, and its storage form in muscles and in the liver is called as glycogen. When the athlete first begins to exercise, body draws on the circulating glucose as its first source of energy. Glycogen, as the storage carbohydrate, comes in when circulating glucose drops to a lower level.  Without enough carbohydrates, performance as an athlete will be seriously impacted. 

Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

About 60% of our total energy requirements is met by 

  1. Vitamins

  2. Fats

  3. Proteins

  4. Carbohydrates
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Carbohydrates, proteins and fats in the foods provide energy for the body functions and physical activities. They, however, do not produce same amount of energy. the following is the energy-contribution by respective molecules.
Carbohydrates- 55-75% of energy contribution
Proteins- 10-15% of energy contribution
Fats- 15-30% of energy contribution
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

Which of the following nutrients do not provide energy for animals?

  1. Fats

  2. Carbohydrates

  3. Vitamins

  4. Proteins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Fats are converted into energy when they are completely oxidized to CO2 and water by β-oxidation and the citric acid cycle. Carbohydrates are completely oxidized to CO2 and water during aerobic respiration and lead to the generation of ATP. Proteins get converted into intermediates of the respiratory cycle and finally get converted to high yielding energy molecules.
Vitamins do not directly play an important role in energy production however, they support the metabolism indirectly.
So, the correct answer is 'Vitamins'
Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

Which of the following nutrients produce energy? 

  1. Carbohydrates

  2. Vitamins

  3. Minerals

  4. Proteins

  5. Both A and D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

The composition of a healthy human food includes carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins, fats, minerals and fibre. While the consumption of these nutrients are required in varied quantities, usually depicted in a triangle with carbohydrates forming the base. Of all the nutrients, carbohydrates produce the maximum energy required for the body which is followed by fats. Proteins produce energy only under emergency situations.

Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

About 70% of our energy requirements should be met by

  1. Vitamins

  2. Fats

  3. Proteins

  4. Carbohydrates
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

About 70% of our energy requirements should be met by carbohydrates.

carbohydrate provides the majority of energy in the diets of most people. There are many reasons why this is desirable. In addition to providing easily available energy for oxidative metabolism, carbohydrate-containing foods are vehicles for important micronutrients and phytochemicals. Dietary carbohydrate is important to maintain glycemic homeostasis and for gastrointestinal integrity and function. Unlike fat and protein, high levels of dietary carbohydrate, provided it is obtained from a variety of sources, is not associated with adverse health effects. Finally, diets high in carbohydrate as compared to those high in fat, reduce the likelihood of developing obesity and its comorbid conditions. An optimum diet should consist of at least 55% of total energy coming from carbohydrate obtained from a variety of food sources.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human assimilation of food and egestion assimilation of food components and importance of food

Which of the following substances can be assimilated unchanged? 

  1. Vitamin

  2. Proteins

  3. Starch

  4. Lipids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamins are organic substances that help our bodies to function properly. Being a general source of energy supply these are crucial for the activities carried out by the cells and organs as well as the functioning of the body's immune systems. The human body goes through the process of bio-assimilation, which is actually the combination of two processes that help supply the cells with nutrients. The absorption of vitamins like minerals takes place in the gastrointestinal tract where it is broken down by enzymes and through the physical process of mastication. There is no chemical alteration of the substance. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Consumption of which one of the following foods can prevent the kind of blindness associated with vitamin 'A' deficiency?

  1. Falver Savr' tomato

  2. Canolla

  3. Golden rice

  4. Bt-Brinjal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Golden rice is a variety of Oryza sativa rice produced through genetic to biosynthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin-A in the edible part of rice. The research that led to golden rice was conducted with the goal of helping children who suffer from vitamin A.

So, the correct option is 'Golden rice'.