Biology · General Awareness

Vitamins and Nutrition

1,711 Questions

Review essential concepts of human nutrition, focusing on macro and micronutrients. The questions cover vitamin deficiencies, sources, and their physiological roles such as blood clotting and vision. This material is highly relevant for the general science section of various government exams.

Vitamin sources and functionsMacronutrients for energyBlood coagulation vitaminsDeficiency diseasesNutrient absorption mechanisms

Vitamins and Nutrition Questions

Multiple choice biology constitutes of diet role of vitamins functions and principal sources of vitamins and minerals digestive disorders need for nutrients

Vitamins with some enzymes act as

  1. Coenzyme

  2. Apoenzyme

  3. Holoenzyme

  4. Cofactor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamins with some enzymes act as coenzyme. Coenzymes are organic molecules that are required by certain enzymes to carry out catalysis. They bind to the active site of the enzyme and participate in catalysis but are not considered substrates of the reaction.

An apoenzyme is an inactive enzyme, activation of the enzyme occurs upon binding of an organic or inorganic cofactor. 
Holoenzyme: An apoenzyme together with its cofactor. A holoenzyme is complete and catalytically active.
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is required for the protein's biological activity. These proteins are commonly enzymes, and cofactors can be considered "helper molecules" that assist in biochemical transformations.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology constitutes of diet role of vitamins functions and principal sources of vitamins and minerals digestive disorders need for nutrients

Which of the following substance can be assimilated unchanged?

  1. Vitamin

  2. Proteins

  3. Starch

  4. Lipids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Biological assimilation, is the combination of two processes to supply cells with nutrients. The first is the process of absorbing vitamins, minerals, and other chemicals from food within the gastrointestinal tract. In humans this is done with a chemical breakdown (enzymes and acids) and physical breakdown. The second process of bio assimilation is the chemical alteration of substances in the bloodstream by the liver or cellular secretions. Although a few similar compounds can be absorbed in digestion bio assimilation, the bio-availability of many compounds is dictated by this second process since both the liver and cellular secretions can be very specific in their metabolic action. This second process is where the absorbed food reaches the cells via the liver.

Multiple choice biology constitutes of diet role of vitamins functions and principal sources of vitamins and minerals digestive disorders need for nutrients

Vitamins and minerals are together referred as 

  1. Energy producing foods.

  2. Body building foods.

  3. Harmful foods.

  4. Protective foods.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A vitamin is an organic molecule that is an essential micronutrient that an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism.
A mineral is a chemical element required as an essential nutrient by organisms to perform functions necessary for life.
 Essential nutrients and minerals cannot be synthesized in the organism, either at all or not in sufficient quantities, and therefore must be obtained through the diet.
 They are present in foods (like leafy or yellow vegetables, citrus fruits, meat, milk, eggs). Food which contains adequate amounts of vitamins, minerals, and high-quality proteins is a protective food. And it also protect against the development of a deficiency disease (as pellagra, beriberi, scurvy). Hence, the vitamins and minerals containing foods are together referred to as protective food.

So, the correct option is 'protective food'.

Multiple choice biology constitutes of diet role of vitamins functions and principal sources of vitamins and minerals digestive disorders need for nutrients

Which is not the function of vitamins

  1. Metabolism

  2. Digestion

  3. Growth

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamins act as cofactors or coenzymes in metabolic reactions and are essential for growth and development. Digestion is primarily handled by enzymes like pepsin and amylase, not vitamins.

Multiple choice biology constitutes of diet role of vitamins functions and principal sources of vitamins and minerals digestive disorders need for nutrients

Which of the following statements is not correct?

  1. Amino acids are a product of the digestion of proteins

  2. Vegetable fats contain enough vitamin A and D

  3. Pepsin is produced in the glands in the lining of the stomach

  4. Vitamin C is most plentiful in citrus fruits
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • The end product of protein digestion is amino acids.
  • The most common source of Vitamin C is citrus fruits.
  • The stomach mucosa’s epithelial lining consists only of surface mucous cells, which secrete a protective coat of alkaline mucus. A vast number of gastric pits dot the surface of the epithelium, giving it the appearance of a well-used pincushion, and mark the entry to each gastric gland, which secretes a complex digestive fluid referred to as gastric juice. Chief cells—Located primarily in the basal regions of gastric glands are chief cells, which secrete pepsinogen, the inactive proenzyme form of pepsin. HCl is necessary for the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin.
  • Fish oil contains enough vitamin A and D.

So, the correct answer is 'Vegetable fats contain enough vitamin A and D'.

Multiple choice biology constitutes of diet role of vitamins functions and principal sources of vitamins and minerals digestive disorders need for nutrients

Vitamins with some enzymes act as

  1. Co-enzyme

  2. Apoenzyme

  3. Holoenzyme

  4. Cofactor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamins with some enzymes act as coenzyme. Coenzymes are organic non protein molecules that bind with the protein molecule (apoenzyme) to form the active enzyme (holoenzyme). A number of the water-soluble vitamins such as vitamins B$ _1$, B$ _2$ and B$ _6$ serve as coenzymes.

An apoenzyme is an inactive enzyme, activation of the enzyme occurs upon binding of an organic or inorganic cofactor. 
Holoenzyme is an apoenzyme together with its cofactor. A holoenzyme is complete and catalytically active.
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is required for the protein's biological activity. These proteins are commonly enzymes, and cofactors can be considered "helper molecules" that assist in biochemical transformations.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology constitutes of diet role of vitamins functions and principal sources of vitamins and minerals digestive disorders need for nutrients

Vitamins with some enzymes act as

  1. Co-enzyme

  2. Apo-enzyme

  3. Holo-enzyme

  4. Co-factor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Co-factor is a non-protein chemical compound that is required for the protein's biological activity. These molecules are commonly enzymes and co-factors can be helper molecules that assist in biochemical transformations such as vitamins.
Co-factors can be subdivided into either one or more inorganic ions , or a complex organic or metallo-organic molecule, called as a co-enzyme, most of which are derived from vitamins.
An inactive enzyme without the co-factor is called an apoenzyme while the complete enzyme with the co-factor is called as a holoenzyme.

Multiple choice biology constitutes of diet role of vitamins functions and principal sources of vitamins and minerals digestive disorders need for nutrients

Organic nutrients that regulate physiological processes by serving as coenzymes are called

  1. vitamins

  2. trace elements

  3. minerals

  4. amino acids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Non-protein components of certain enzymes are called cofactors. If the cofactor is organic, then it is called a coenzyme. Coenzyme is relatively small molecules compared to the protein part of the enzyme and many of the coenzymes are derived from vitamins

So, the correct answer is 'Vitamins'

Multiple choice zoology plants and animal hormones thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

Which of the following do not play any role in calcium balance in the human body?

  1. Vitamin D

  2. Parathyroid hormone

  3. Thyrocalcitonin

  4. Thymosin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Thymosin is a hormone released by the thymus. It has a major role in the maturation of the T lymphocytes. It has no role in maintaining the calcium balance in the body.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Thymosin.'
Multiple choice zoology health and diseases diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases non-infectious diseases

Some protection is provided against carcinogens by

  1. Penicilic acid

  2. Afflatoxin

  3. Streptomycin

  4. Tocopherol / Vitamin E
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamin E is a group of eight fat-soluble compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. It is estimated that vitamin E provides protection against carcinogens but the mechanism is not clearly understood. Gamma-tocotrienol, a cofactor found in natural vitamin E preparations, may decrease prostate tumour formation.

So, the correct answer is 'Tocopherol/ Vitamin E'.