Biology · General Awareness

Vitamins and Nutrition

1,549 Questions

Review essential concepts of human nutrition, focusing on macro and micronutrients. The questions cover vitamin deficiencies, sources, and their physiological roles such as blood clotting and vision. This material is highly relevant for the general science section of various government exams.

Vitamin sources and functionsMacronutrients for energyBlood coagulation vitaminsDeficiency diseasesNutrient absorption mechanisms

Vitamins and Nutrition Questions

Multiple choice biology constitutes of diet role of vitamins functions and principal sources of vitamins and minerals digestive disorders need for nutrients

Which is not the function of vitamins

  1. Metabolism

  2. Digestion

  3. Growth

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamins act as cofactors or coenzymes in metabolic reactions and are essential for growth and development. Digestion is primarily handled by enzymes like pepsin and amylase, not vitamins.

Multiple choice biology constitutes of diet role of vitamins functions and principal sources of vitamins and minerals digestive disorders need for nutrients

Vitamins with some enzymes act as

  1. Co-enzyme

  2. Apoenzyme

  3. Holoenzyme

  4. Cofactor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamins with some enzymes act as coenzyme. Coenzymes are organic non protein molecules that bind with the protein molecule (apoenzyme) to form the active enzyme (holoenzyme). A number of the water-soluble vitamins such as vitamins B$ _1$, B$ _2$ and B$ _6$ serve as coenzymes.

An apoenzyme is an inactive enzyme, activation of the enzyme occurs upon binding of an organic or inorganic cofactor. 
Holoenzyme is an apoenzyme together with its cofactor. A holoenzyme is complete and catalytically active.
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is required for the protein's biological activity. These proteins are commonly enzymes, and cofactors can be considered "helper molecules" that assist in biochemical transformations.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology constitutes of diet role of vitamins functions and principal sources of vitamins and minerals digestive disorders need for nutrients

Vitamins with some enzymes act as

  1. Co-enzyme

  2. Apo-enzyme

  3. Holo-enzyme

  4. Co-factor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Co-factor is a non-protein chemical compound that is required for the protein's biological activity. These molecules are commonly enzymes and co-factors can be helper molecules that assist in biochemical transformations such as vitamins.
Co-factors can be subdivided into either one or more inorganic ions , or a complex organic or metallo-organic molecule, called as a co-enzyme, most of which are derived from vitamins.
An inactive enzyme without the co-factor is called an apoenzyme while the complete enzyme with the co-factor is called as a holoenzyme.

Multiple choice biology constitutes of diet role of vitamins functions and principal sources of vitamins and minerals digestive disorders need for nutrients

Organic nutrients that regulate physiological processes by serving as coenzymes are called

  1. vitamins

  2. trace elements

  3. minerals

  4. amino acids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Non-protein components of certain enzymes are called cofactors. If the cofactor is organic, then it is called a coenzyme. Coenzyme is relatively small molecules compared to the protein part of the enzyme and many of the coenzymes are derived from vitamins

So, the correct answer is 'Vitamins'

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption nutrition deficiency diseases parts of the digestive system digestive system of human

Match the following nutrition/vitamin deficiences in column I
with causes/deficiencies is column II and choose the correct
option from the answer key

Column I Column II
(a) Kwashiorkor   (p) Iron
(b) General Anaemia  (q) Menadione
(c) Dermatitis  (r) Protein
(d) Marasmus  (s) Pyridoxin
(e) Bleeding  (t) Biotin























  1. (a) -(p) , (b)- (t) , (c) -(q) ,(d)- (r), (e) -(s)

  2. (a) -(t) , (b)- (q) , (c) -(r) ,(d)- (s), (e) -(p)

  3. (a) -(q) , (b)- (r) , (c) -(s) ,(d)- (p), (e) -(t)

  4. (a) -(r) , (b)- (p) , (c) -(t) ,(d)- (s), (e) -(q)

  5. (a) -(r) , (b)- (s) , (c) -(p) ,(d)- (t), (e) -(q)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Multiple choice zoology health and diseases diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases non-infectious diseases

Some protection is provided against carcinogens by

  1. Penicilic acid

  2. Afflatoxin

  3. Streptomycin

  4. Tocopherol / Vitamin E
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamin E is a group of eight fat-soluble compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. It is estimated that vitamin E provides protection against carcinogens but the mechanism is not clearly understood. Gamma-tocotrienol, a cofactor found in natural vitamin E preparations, may decrease prostate tumour formation.

So, the correct answer is 'Tocopherol/ Vitamin E'.

Multiple choice biology food and human health effect on general health growth and development in young people nutrient deficiency diseases

Which of the following pair is characterised by swollen lips, thick pigmented skin of hands and legs, and irritability?

  1. Thiamine Beri-beri

  2. Protein Kwashiorkor

  3. Nicotinamide Pellagra

  4. Iodine Goitre
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B3 (niacin/nicotinamide). Symptoms include the 'three Ds': dermatitis (pigmented skin), diarrhea, and dementia.