Quantitative Aptitude

Profit, Loss and Discount

2,604 Questions
All Basic CP/SP Percentage Relationship 874 Marked Price, Markup, and Discount 786 Partial Sales and Multiple Transactions 338 Successive Discounts 218 Cost Price of X = Selling Price of Y 180 Faulty Weight or Measure 126 Equal Profit and Loss Rates 57 Free-item Offers 23 Price and Consumption Variation 1

Profit, Loss and Discount Questions

Multiple choice

A shopkeeper bought 95 dozen oranges at Rs.4.50 each. 7dozen oranges were rotten and so were discarded. He sold the remaining oranges at Rs. 78 per dozen. What is his profit or loss percent (to the nearest integer)? एक दुकानदार ने 95 दर्जन संतरे प्रत्येक को 4.50 रुपये की दर से खरीदे। 7 दर्जन संतरे सड़े हुए थे इसलिए उन्हें फेंक दिया गया। उसने शेष संतरे 78 प्रति दर्जन रुपये में बेचे। उसका लाभ या हानि प्रतिशत (निकटतम पूर्णांक तक) क्या है?

  1. Profit, 45% लाभ, 45%

  2. Profit,34% लाभ,34%

  3. Loss, 34% हानि, 34%

  4. Loss, 45% हानि, 45%

  5. None of these इनमें से कोई नहीं
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cost = 95 dozen * Rs 4.50/dozen = Rs 427.50 (or 95 * 12 * 4.50 = 5130 oranges? Wait - Rs 4.50 each means 4.50 per orange, not per dozen). Cost = 95 * 12 * 4.50 = Rs 5130. Usable oranges = 88 dozen = 1056 oranges. Revenue = 88 * 78 = Rs 6864. Profit = 6864 - 5130 = Rs 1734. Profit % = 1734/5130 * 100 = 33.8% ≈ 34%. Option B is correct.

Multiple choice

A shopkeeper has two articles of equal cost price. One article is sold at 12% profit and another article is sold at Rs. 1110 more than the selling price of first article. If total profit on both articles together is 15% then find the cost price of each article. एक दुकानदार के पास समान लागत मूल्य की दो वस्तुएँ हैं। एक वस्तु को 12% लाभ पर बेचा जाता है और दूसरी वस्तु को पहली वस्तु के विक्रय मूल्य से 1110 अधिक में बेचता है। यदि दोनों वस्तुओं पर मिलाकर कुल लाभ 15% है तो प्रत्येक वस्तु का क्रय मूल्य ज्ञात कीजिए।

  1. 17890

  2. 17500

  3. 15260

  4. 18500

  5. 12420
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP of each article be x. SP of first = 1.12x. SP of second = 1.12x + 1110. Total CP = 2x. Total SP = 2.24x + 1110. Total profit is 15%, so SP = 1.15 × 2x = 2.3x. Therefore 2.3x = 2.24x + 1110, giving 0.06x = 1110, so x = 1110/0.06 = Rs. 18500. Each article costs Rs. 18500.

Multiple choice

Amit marked all goods in his shop 40% higher. He gave 35% discount on 60% of the total goods , and 12% discount on 25% of the total goods . Find the discount percentage Amit should have given on the remaining goods to get an overall profit of 4.3% on the sale of all goods.

  1. 15%

  2. 10%

  3. 16%

  4. 18%

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = 100 for each good. After 40% markup, price = 140. For 60% of goods at 35% discount: effective SP = 140 × 0.65 = 91. For 25% of goods at 12% discount: effective SP = 140 × 0.88 = 123.2. Let required discount on remaining 15% be d%. Effective SP = 140 × (1 - d/100). Overall SP for 4.3% profit = 104.3. Solving 0.60 × 91 + 0.25 × 123.2 + 0.15 × 140(1 - d/100) = 104.3 gives 54.6 + 30.8 + 21(1 - d/100) = 104.3, so 21(1 - d/100) = 18.9, giving d = 10%.

Multiple choice

An article having marked price, Rs900, was sold for Rs648 after two successive discounts. The first discount was 20%. What was the percentage rate of the second discount? एक वस्तु जिसका अंकित मूल्य 900 रुपये है, दो क्रमिक छूट के बाद 648 रुपये में बेची गई पहली छूट 20% थी। दूसरी छूट की प्रतिशत दर क्या थी?

  1. 5

  2. 15

  3. 10

  4. 12.5

  5. 12%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

After first discount of 20%, price = 900 × 0.8 = 720. Let second discount be d%. Then 720 × (1-d/100) = 648. Solving: 1 - d/100 = 648/720 = 0.9, so d/100 = 0.1, giving d = 10%. Option B (15%) would give final price 720 × 0.85 = 612. Option D (12.5%) would give 720 × 0.875 = 630. Option A (5%) is too small.

Multiple choice

A dealer allows 25% discount on the marked price of an article and gains 20%. If the cost price of the article increases by 20%, how much discount percentage should he allow on the market price so as to earn the same percentage of profit as before?

  1. 8.5%

  2. 10%

  3. 12%

  4. 7.25%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Let the marked price be M and cost price be C. Initially, selling price after 25% discount is 0.75M, which gives 20% profit, so 0.75M = 1.2C, meaning M = 1.6C. When cost increases by 20%, new CP = 1.2C. To maintain 20% profit, new SP = 1.44C. If discount is d%, then (1-d/100) × 1.6C = 1.44C, giving d = 10%.

Multiple choice

Sujatha sold 75% of her goods at a profit of 24% and the remaining at a loss of 40%. What is her gain/loss percentage on the whole transaction?

  1. 8% gain

  2. 10% gain

  3. 9% loss

  4. 7.5% loss
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

On 75% of goods: 24% profit gives 0.75 × 24 = 18% overall gain. On remaining 25%: 40% loss gives 0.25 × (-40) = -10% overall loss. Net: 18 - 10 = 8% gain. This is a weighted average problem. Option D incorrectly calculates 24 - 40 = -16%, while B and C are other arithmetic errors.

Multiple choice

A dishonest shopkeeper uses a weight of 500 g instead of 580 g and sells the articles at the cost price. What is the profit percentage?

  1. 14%

  2. 18%

  3. 20%

  4. 16%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Shopkeeper gives 500g but charges for 580g, so gains 580 - 500 = 80g per transaction. Profit percentage = (gain/actual given) × 100 = (80/500) × 100 = 16%. Note: the base is what is given (500g), not what is charged (580g). Option A is 580/500 - 1 rounded, B is miscalculation, C is 80/400 incorrectly using 400 as base.

Multiple choice

A shopkeeper buys pencils at the price of Rs. 180 a dozen. Then, he marks up the price of each pencil by 20%. If he offers 2 consecutive discounts of 10%, what is his overall profit/loss percentage?

  1. 2.8 % loss

  2. 2.8% profit

  3. 1.4 % profit

  4. 5.6% loss

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cost price per pencil = Rs. 180/12 = Rs. 15. Marked price = Rs. 15 × 1.20 = Rs. 18. Two consecutive discounts of 10% mean final price = Rs. 18 × 0.90 × 0.90 = Rs. 18 × 0.81 = Rs. 14.57. Loss per pencil = Rs. 15 - Rs. 14.57 = Rs. 0.43. Loss percentage = (0.43/15) × 100 = 2.87% ≈ 2.8%.

Multiple choice

The Cost Price of a Television is 10% more than Cost Price of a Mobile. The shopkeeper marked up Television at 20% above the Cost Price and Mobile at 30% above the Cost Price. Find the sum of marked price of 4 Television and 5 Mobiles, if shopkeeper allowed discount of 20% on Mobile and 25% on Television and the difference between selling prices of both is Rs. 50.

  1. 19200

  2. 10264

  3. 10460

  4. 12425

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Let Mobile CP = x, TV CP = 1.1x. TV MP = 1.32x, SP = 0.99x. Mobile MP = 1.3x, SP = 1.04x. Difference in SP = 1.04x - 0.99x = 0.05x = 50, so x = 1000. Sum of MP for 4 TV + 5 Mobile = 4(1.32x) + 5(1.3x) = 5.28x + 6.5x = 11.78x = 11780. Not in options, so E is correct.

Multiple choice

The marked price of a T-shirt is Rs. 1490. On the occasion of Navratri, the shopkeeper offered two successive discounts of 11.25% and p% respectively. If an individual purchased the T shirt for Rs. 1193.44, then find the value of value of ‘p’?

  1. 8.25%

  2. 9.75%

  3. 10.25%

  4. 9.25%

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

After first discount of 11.25%: 1490 × 0.8875 = 1322.375. Let p be second discount. Then 1322.375 × (1 - p/100) = 1193.44. Solving: 1 - p/100 = 1193.44/1322.375 = 0.9025, so p = 100 × 0.0975 = 9.75%. The successive discounts reduce the price correctly to Rs. 1193.44.

Multiple choice

The marked price of an article is Rs 600. After allowing a discount of 25% on the marked price, there was a loss of Rs 30. The loss percentage (in %) is:
  1. $6.25$
  2. $6.5$
  3. $7.5$
  4. $7.25$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Selling price after 25% discount = 600 × (75/100) = Rs 450. Loss = Rs 30 means Cost Price = 450 + 30 = Rs 480. Loss percentage = (Loss/CP) × 100 = (30/480) × 100 = 6.25%. Option A is correct. Option B (6.5%) and C (7.5%) are calculation errors, D (7.25%) is also incorrect.

Multiple choice

The difference between the selling prices of some articles if sold for Rs. 12 per article instead of Rs. 9 per article is Rs. 150 . If the cost price of these articles is Rs. 250 , then find the selling price of 21 articles if profit earned is 20%.

  1. Rs. 125

  2. Rs. 136

  3. Rs. 130

  4. Rs. 126
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Difference in SP = Rs. 12 - Rs. 9 = Rs. 3 per article. Total difference = Rs. 150. Number of articles = 150/3 = 50. CP of 50 articles = Rs. 250, so CP per article = Rs. 5. For 21 articles, total CP = 21 × 5 = Rs. 105. Profit at 20% = 105 × 0.20 = Rs. 21. SP = CP + Profit = 105 + 21 = Rs. 126. This matches option D.

Multiple choice

A seller uses faulty weight in place of a 2 kg weight and earns a 25\% profit. He claims that he is selling on the cost price in front of the customers but uses a faulty weight. How much error is there in the 2 kg weight to gain 25\%?

  1. 200 gm

  2. 300 gm

  3. 400 gm

  4. 150 gm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let actual weight = x kg. Shopkeeper uses 2 kg weight but gives only x kg. He claims to sell at cost price but makes 25% profit. This means: Selling price (for 2 kg) = Cost price (for x kg) × 1.25. Since selling price = cost price (he claims no profit), we have: 2 kg price = x kg price × 1.25. So x = 2/1.25 = 1.6 kg. Error = 2 kg - 1.6 kg = 0.4 kg = 400 gm.

Multiple choice

A calculates his profit percentage on the selling price of an article, whereas B calculates his profit percentage on the cost price of the article. If the difference between their profits is Rs.588; the selling price of the article for both of them is the same, and both of them get 28% profit, then the selling price (in Rs.) of the article is:

  1. 8600

  2. 9600

  3. 10200

  4. 5600
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

For A: profit = 28% of SP, so SP - CP = 0.28 × SP, which gives CP = 0.72 × SP. For B: profit = 28% of CP, so SP - CP = 0.28 × CP, which gives SP = 1.28 × CP. Equating the two profit expressions: 0.28 × SP - 0.28 × CP = 588. Substituting CP = 0.72 × SP: 0.28 × SP - 0.28 × 0.72 × SP = 588, which gives 0.28 × 0.28 × SP = 588. Therefore SP = 588/0.0784 = Rs. 9600.

Multiple choice

A fruit merchant bought some bananas. One fifth of them got rotten and were thrown away. He sold two fifths of the bananas with him at 15% profit and the remaining bananas at 10% profit. Find his overall loss or profit percent?

  1. Profit, 9.6%

  2. Loss, 10.4%

  3. Loss, 9.6%

  4. Profit, 10.4%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Let total bananas = 100. Rotten = 20, remaining = 80. First 2/5 sold means 40 bananas at 15% profit. Remaining 40 sold at 10% profit. Cost price of each banana = C. Total cost = 100C. Revenue from first 40 = 40C × 1.15 = 46C. Revenue from remaining 40 = 40C × 1.10 = 44C. Total revenue = 90C. Total cost = 100C. Loss = 10C on investment of 100C, which is 10% loss.