Quantitative Aptitude

Profit, Loss and Discount

2,604 Questions
All Basic CP/SP Percentage Relationship 874 Marked Price, Markup, and Discount 786 Partial Sales and Multiple Transactions 338 Successive Discounts 218 Cost Price of X = Selling Price of Y 180 Faulty Weight or Measure 126 Equal Profit and Loss Rates 57 Free-item Offers 23 Price and Consumption Variation 1

Profit, Loss and Discount Questions

Multiple choice

The selling price of an article is 87.5% more than the cost price and the discount offered on its marked price is 16.66%, then the ratio of its cost price to its marked price is:
  1. $4:9$
  2. $3:5$
  3. $4:7$
  4. $5:11$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = 100. SP = 100 + 87.5 = 187.5. Discount = 16.66% = 1/6 on MP. So SP = 5/6 MP = 187.5, MP = 187.5 × 6/5 = 225. CP:MP = 100:225 = 4:9. Option B (3:5) would give CP:MP = 3:5 = 60:100, meaning SP = 83.33 at 1/6 discount, which is only 83.33% of CP, not 187.5%.

Multiple choice

A shopkeeper sold 12 cameras at a profit of 20% and 8 cameras at a profit of 10%. If he had sold all the 20 cameras at a profit of 15%, then his profit would have been reduced by Rs 36. What is the cost price of each camera? एक दुकानदार ने 12 कैमरे 20% के लाभ पर और 8 कैमरे 10% के लाभ पर बेचे। यदि वह सभी 20 कैमरों को 15% के लाभ पर बेच देता, तो उसका लाभ 36 रुपये कम हो जाता। प्रत्येक कैमरे का लागत मूल्य क्या है?

  1. 100

  2. 150

  3. 180

  4. 220

  5. None of these इनमें से कोई नहीं
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP be the cost price of each camera. Actual profit: 12 × 0.20 × CP + 8 × 0.10 × CP = 2.4CP + 0.8CP = 3.2CP. If all 20 sold at 15%: 20 × 0.15 × CP = 3CP. Difference = 3.2CP - 3CP = 0.2CP = 36. Therefore CP = 36/0.2 = Rs 180. This matches option C.

Multiple choice

Ramesh marked up an article 40% above its cost price and while selling the article he offers 20% discount on marked price. If he earns Rs 1416 as a profit, then what is the discount given by him to the customer? रमेश ने एक वस्तु को उसके क्रय मूल्य से 40% अधिक अंकित किया और वस्तु को बेचते समय वह अंकित मूल्य पर 20% की छूट प्रदान करता है। यदि वह लाभ के रूप में 1416 रुपये कमाता है, तो उसके द्वारा ग्राहक को कितनी छूट दी जाती है?

  1. 2306

  2. 2628

  3. 3304

  4. 3426

  5. None of these इनमें से कोई नहीं
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP be cost price. Marked price = CP + 40% of CP = 1.4 CP. Discount = 20% of marked price = 0.2 × 1.4 CP = 0.28 CP. Selling price = Marked price - Discount = 1.4 CP - 0.28 CP = 1.12 CP. Profit = Selling price - CP = 1.12 CP - CP = 0.12 CP. Given profit = Rs 1416, so 0.12 CP = 1416, giving CP = Rs 11800. The discount amount = 0.28 CP = 0.28 × 11800 = Rs 3304. This matches option C.

Multiple choice

The cost prices of two articles A and B are in the ratio 4:5. While selling these articles, the shopkeeper gains 10% on article A and 20% profit on article B, and the difference in their selling prices is ₹ 480. Find 30% of the total cost price (in ₹) of both the articles.

  1. 720

  2. 810

  3. 900

  4. 927
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Let the cost prices be 4x and 5x (ratio 4:5). Article A: 10% gain, so SP = 4x × 1.1 = 4.4x. Article B: 20% gain, so SP = 5x × 1.2 = 6x. Difference: 6x - 4.4x = 1.6x = 480, so x = 300. Total CP = 4x + 5x = 9x = 2700. 30% of total CP = 0.3 × 2700 = 810. Option B is correct. Verification: CP_A=1200, CP_B=1500, SP_A=1320, SP_B=1800, difference=480, 30% of 2700=810.

Multiple choice

The weighing balance of a greengrocer weighs 10% less than its actual weight. Still, he marks up his vegetables to get an overall profit of 20%. What is the markup percentage on the cost price?

  1. 6%

  2. 4%

  3. 8%

  4. 5%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Greengrocer weighs 10% less, so customer gets 0.9 units but pays for 1 unit. For 20% profit overall: Selling Price should be 1.2 × Actual Cost. If cost of 1 unit = C, he gives 0.9 units. Effective cost to him per unit sold = 0.9C. He needs SP = 1.2C, so markup = (1.2C - 0.9C)/0.9C = 0.3C/0.9C = 1/3 = 33.33% on his cost. But this is on CP, so markup percentage = 33.33% of CP. Wait, let me reconsider. Let actual CP = 100. He gives 90 units but sells as 100. His CP for what he sells = 90. He wants 20% profit on actual CP = 100, so SP = 120. Markup on his CP = (120-90)/90 = 30/90 = 33.33%. Hmm, options are 4, 5, 6, 8%. Let me try: Actual CP of 1 unit = 100. He gives 0.9 unit. His CP = 90. He sells at some markup on 90 to get 20% on 100. SP = 120. Markup = 120 - 90 = 30. Percentage = 30/90 = 33.33%. This doesn't match options. Let me reconsider interpretation. If he marks up on cost price meaning on the marked weight: He sells 100 units (marked) but gives 90. To get 20% profit overall on actual: SP should be 120 for 100 marked. CP of 90 actual = 90. So SP = 120. Markup = 120 - 90 = 30. As percentage of CP = 30/90 = 33.33%. Still not matching. Perhaps markup on what he shows: If marked price = M, actual weight = 0.9M, CP = 0.9M. Profit = 20% of CP = 0.18M. So M = CP + profit + markup = 0.9M + 0.18M + markup. This doesn't work. Let me try differently: Let CP of 1kg = 100. He gives 0.9kg. His CP = 90. He wants 20% profit, so revenue should be 108. But he sells as 1kg, so SP = 108. Markup = 108 - 90 = 18. Percentage = 18/90 = 20%. Still not matching. I think the question means: His scale shows 10% less. So when he thinks he's selling 1kg, he's actually giving 1.1kg. Let me try: Marked weight = 100, actual = 110. CP = 110. He wants 20% profit, so SP = 132. But he sells at marked 100, so price per unit marked = 132/100 = 1.32. If CP per unit = 110/100 = 1.1, then markup = (1.32 - 1.1)/1.1 = 0.22/1.1 = 20%. Still not 8%. I'll check with C: 8%. If markup is 8% on CP: SP = 108 (for 100 marked). CP = 90 (actual given). Profit = 108 - 90 = 18. Profit% = 18/90 = 20%. This works! Markup 8% on CP gives SP = 108, profit = 18, profit% = 20% on actual CP of 90. But wait, profit is 18 on 90 = 20%. Yes! So answer C is correct.

Multiple choice

A shopkeeper marked the cold drink bottles 40% above the cost price. If he offered ‘Buy 3 get 1 free’ scheme on these cold drink bottles then how much percentage profit will be earned by selling these bottles on the marked price?

  1. 8%

  2. 4%

  3. 5%

  4. 6%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Marked price = 140% of cost. 'Buy 3 get 1 free' means selling 4 bottles for price of 3. Revenue = 3 × 1.4 = 4.2 times cost for 4 bottles. Profit = (4.2 - 4)/4 × 100 = 5%.

Multiple choice

If a discount of 10\% is allowed on the marked price of an article, a shopkeeper gets a profit of 25\%. If he offers a discount of 25\% on the marked price of the same article, then his percentage profit/loss will be?

  1. 4% profit
  2. $\left(\frac{25}{6}\right)\% loss$
  3. $\left(\frac{25}{6}\right)\% profit$

  4. 4% loss
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let MP = 100, CP = x. After 10% discount: SP = 90, profit = 90-x = 0.25x, so x = 72. After 25% discount: SP = 75, profit = 75-72 = 3. Profit% = 3/72 = 1/24 = 4.167%, which equals 25/6%. Option A and D are common errors in percentage calculation. Option B incorrectly predicts a loss.

Multiple choice

Mohan marks the cost price of the article is 20% more than the original cost price. If he gives 10% discount to the customer during selling this article, then find the profit or loss of the shopkeeper in this whole business.

  1. Loss 8%

  2. Profit 12%

  3. Profit 10%

  4. Profit 8%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Let original cost price = 100. Marked price = 100 + 20% = 120. After 10% discount, selling price = 120 - 10% of 120 = 120 - 12 = 108. Profit = Selling Price - Cost Price = 108 - 100 = 8. Profit percentage = (8/100) × 100 = 8%. This is a common retail markup strategy where merchants first mark up the price, then offer a 'discount' that still results in profit.

Multiple choice

The marked price of an article is Rs.250. After allowing two successive discounts of 20% and x% on the marked price, it is sold for Rs.185.60. What is the value of x?

  1. 8.4%

  2. 7.6%

  3. 6.8%

  4. 7.2%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

After the first 20% discount on Rs 250, the price becomes 250 × 0.8 = Rs 200. The second discount of x% brings it to Rs 185.60, so 200 × (1 - x/100) = 185.60. Solving: 1 - x/100 = 0.928, giving x = 7.2. Options A (8.4%), B (7.6%), and C (6.8%) would result in final prices of Rs 183.20, Rs 184.80, and Rs 186.40 respectively, not Rs 185.60.

Multiple choice

Retailer mark up an article 35% above its cost price and earn Rs 96 by giving 20% discount on the marked price. If he sells article at 15% discount on marked price then, find retailer’s profit on selling one article.

  1. 189

  2. 192

  3. 161

  4. 177

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = 100x. MP = 135x (35% markup). At 20% discount: SP = 0.8 × 135x = 108x. Profit = 108x - 100x = 8x = Rs 96, so x = 12. CP = Rs 1200, MP = Rs 1620. At 15% discount: SP = 0.85 × 1620 = Rs 1377. Profit = 1377 - 1200 = Rs 177.

Multiple choice

A shopkeeper mark up price of TV 60% above its cost price and gives three successive discounts of 12.5%, d % and 25%. If shopkeeper made a loss 16% on TV. Find the second discount allowed by shop? एक दुकानदार टीवी का मूल्य उसके क्रय मूल्य से 60% अधिक अंकित करता है और 12.5%, d % और 25% की लगातार तीन छूट देता है। अगर दुकानदार को टीवी पर 16% का घाटा हुआ। दुकान द्वारा अनुमत दूसरी छूट ज्ञात कीजिए?

  1. 20%

  2. 25%

  3. 15%

  4. 24%

  5. None of these इनमें से कोई नहीं
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = 100. MP = 160 (60% markup). After discounts: 160 × 0.875 × (1-d/100) × 0.75 = 84 (16% loss). So 160 × 0.875 × 0.75 × (1-d/100) = 84, giving 105 × (1-d/100) = 84, so 1-d/100 = 0.8, d = 20%.

Multiple choice

A dishonest cloth trader marks his cloth by 20% more and gives a discount of 10% to the customer. Besides, he also cheats both his supplier and his buyer by 10 cm while selling 1 m. Find the percentage profit earned by the trader? एक बेईमान कपड़ा व्यापारी अपने कपड़े पर 20% अधिक अंकित करता है और ग्राहक को 10% की छूट देता है। इसके अलावा, वह 1 मीटर बेचते समय अपने आपूर्तिकर्ता और अपने खरीदार दोनों को 10 सेमी तक धोखा देता है। व्यापारी द्वारा अर्जित प्रतिशत लाभ ज्ञात कीजिये?

  1. 32%

  2. 22%

  3. 36%

  4. 58%

  5. None of these इनमें से कोई नहीं
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Marked price is 120% of cost (20% markup), selling price is 108% of cost after 10% discount. The trader gives only 90cm when selling 1 meter, making effective selling price 108/0.9 = 120% per meter. He also receives 110cm but pays for 100cm, making effective cost 100/110 = 90.9% per meter. Profit = (120 - 90.9)/90.9 = 32%. Option A is correct.