Biology · Environmental Studies

Plant Reproduction and Germination

835 Questions

Plant reproduction and germination involve seed structure, cotyledon function, and dispersal mechanisms. These core botany concepts frequently appear in general science sections. Practice these questions to ensure better retention.

Seed germination typesSeed dispersal mechanismsCotyledons and albuminous seedsCryptogamic plantsPhanerogams reproduction

Plant Reproduction and Germination Questions

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

In pea, castor and maize, the number of cotyledons are respectively

  1. One, two and two

  2. Two, two and one

  3. Two, one and two

  4. One, two and one
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Monocots seed- one cotyledons.

Dicot seed- two cotyledons.
Pea- dicot seed
Castor- dicot seed
Maize- monocot seed
So, the correct answer is 'Two, Two and One'.

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

Development of seed from an unfertilized egg is?

  1. Vivipary

  2. Parthenocarpy

  3. Apogamy

  4. Apospory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Apogamy is the development of an embryo from a cell other than the egg cell (like synergids or antipodals) without fertilization. Parthenocarpy refers to fruit development without fertilization, and vivipary is seed germination while still attached to the parent plant.

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

Synthetic seeds are produced by.

  1. Encapsulating somatic embryos

  2. Encapsulating zygotic embryos in artificial nutrient jelly

  3. Encapsulating genetically engineered embryos

  4. Transplanting zygotic embryos of one plant in the endosperm of a related plant
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Synthetic seeds are created by encapsulating somatic embryos in a protective, nutrient-rich hydrogel, such as sodium alginate, to facilitate handling and storage.

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

________ is not an endospermic seed.

  1. Pea

  2. Castor

  3. Maize

  4. Wheat
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Endosperm represents the food storing tissue of a seed. It is produced as a result of double fertilisation in angiosperms. In most monocots and some dicot seeds, the food reserve remains in the endosperm. They are called endospermic or albuminous seeds, e.g., maize, wheat, castor bean, coconut, barley, rubber. However, in the majority of dicot seeds(e.g., orchids, Sagittaria), the endosperm is consumed during seed development and the food is stored in cotyledons and other regions. They are called non endospermic or exalbuminous seeds.

So, the correct answer is 'Pea'.

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

Stratification refers to a process in which seeds are subjected to a.

  1. Low temperature treatment

  2. Hormonal spray

  3. High temperature treatment

  4. Strong mutagen sign chemical treatment
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Stratification is a horticultural practice of exposing seeds to cold, moist conditions to simulate winter and break physiological dormancy, allowing them to germinate.

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

An example of a seed with endosperm, perisperm and car uncle is -

  1. Castor

  2. Cotton

  3. Coffee

  4. Lily
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Castor seeds (Ricinus communis) are albuminous (endospermic) and possess a perisperm (remnant of nucellus) and a caruncle (a fleshy outgrowth near the hilum).

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

Assertion: Maize is an albuminous seed.
Reason: Endosperm is completely absorbed by its growing embryo.

  1. If both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.

  2. If both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A.

  3. If A is true and R is wrong.

  4. If both A and R are wrong.

  5. If A is wrong and R is true.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The assertion is correct but the reason for the assertion is not right. Maize is an albuminous seed. The seeds are endospermic or albuminous where the embryo is embedded in the endosperm and nucellus, which the seedling will use upon germination. In maize the pericarp of the fruit is fused with the seed coat referred to as caryopsis. The cob is close to a multiple fruit in structure, except that the individual fruits -the kernels never fuse into a single mass. The grains are about the size of peas, and adhere in regular rows around a white, pithy substance, which forms the ear.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

Choose the correct match out of the following.

   List I    List II
 A  Exalbuminous seed  1  Hypocotyl grows faster
 B  Epigeal germination  2  Endospermic seed
 C  Albuminous seed  3  Non-endospermic seed
 D  Hypogeal germination  4  Epicotyl grows faster

  1. A-3, B- 1, C- 2, D- 4

  2. A- 1, B- 2, C- 3, D- 4

  3. A- 2, B- 4, C- 1, D- 3

  4. A- 1, B- 4, C- 3, C- 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Seeds that possess a special food storage tissue called as the endosperm are said to be albuminous and those which have no such tissue for storage are said to be exalbuminous or non-endospermic. In albuminous seeds, food is being stored in endosperm the cotyledons are small and thin while on exalbuminous seeds cotyledon store up food and become thick and fleshy. When germination of seed takes place then food is used by embryo whether it is stored in endosperm or in cotyledon. Epigeal germination implies that the cotyledons are pushed above ground. The hypocotyl (part of the stem below the cotyledon) grows, while the epicotyl (part of the stem above the cotyledon) stays the same length. In this way, the hypocotyl pushes the cotyledon upward. Hypogeal germination implies that the cotyledons stay below the ground. The epicotyl grows, while the hypocotyl stays the same length. In this way, the epicotyl pushes the plumule above the ground. 

Multiple choice biology pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Even in absence of pollinating agents seed-setting is assured in.

  1. Commelina

  2. Zostera

  3. Salvia

  4. Fig
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Commelina bears aerial, chasmogamous (stigma and anthers exposed to pollinating agents), insect pollinated flowers and underground cleistogamous flowers. Cleistogamous flowers are bisexual flowers which never open. In such flowers, the anther and stigma lie very close to each other. When anther dehisce in the flower buds, pollen grains come in contact with the stigma of the same flower i.e, autogamy occurs. So, these flowers produce assured seed set, even in the absence of pollinators.

So, the correct option is 'Commelina'.

Multiple choice evs farming brings prosperity agriculture and types of crops crop management management of crops in india

In wheat and rice.

  1. Fruit is multiseeded

  2. Seed coat and pericarp are separate

  3. Perisperm is fused with seed coat

  4. Pericarp is fused with seed coat
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Organically, an oat grain, for example, corn, rice, or wheat, is likewise a sort of natural product, named a caryopsis. Be that as it may, the natural product divider is thin and is intertwined to the seed coat, so the majority of the consumable grain is really a seed.

So, the correct option is 'Pericarp is fused with seed coat'.

Multiple choice biology adapting to a habit extreme adaptations adaptive features adaptations of organisms

During adverse season, 'therophytes' survive by

  1. Bulbs

  2. Tubers

  3. Rhizomes

  4. Seeds
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Bulbs are the modification of underground stems. They consist of a reduced discoid stem and several fleshy scales.
B. Tubers are the swollen underground stem developed at the growing tip of a branch.
C. Rhizomes are perennial, fleshy, dorsiventral and horizontal underground stem growing beneath the surface of the soil.
D. Seeds are small embryonic plants enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some stored food. Therophytes are the plants that can survive unfavorable conditions as seeds and germinate when conditions are favorable.
So, the correct answer is 'Seeds'.
Multiple choice biology reproduction in living organisms growth and development in plants sexual reproduction in plants post fertilization - plants

The wheat grain is a

  1. Fruit

  2. Seed

  3. Embryo

  4. Glume
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Wheat is a grain, which belongs to the grass family Poaceae or Gramineae. Wheat grain is a fruit (Caryopsis) that produces a dry edible seed which is commonly known as the kernel. Wheat grain is a small edible fruit, usually hard on the outside. Corn, grain sorghum, rice, oats, and rye are other examples of grains.

So, the correct answer is 'Fruit'.

Multiple choice biology reproduction in higher plants growth and development in plants sexual reproduction in plants post fertilization - plants

Aleurone layer in the seed helps in

  1. Embryo protection

  2. Utilization of stored food

  3. Storage of food in endosperm

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Aleurone layer in the seed helps in embryo protection, utilization of stored food and storage of food. Aleurone is a protein found in protein granules of maturing seeds and tubers. The term also describes one of the two major cell types of the endosperm, the aleurone layer. The aleurone layer is the outermost layer of the endosperm, followed by the inner starchy endosperm. This layer of cells is sometimes referred to as the peripheral endosperm. It lies between the pericarp and the hyaline layer of the endosperm. Unlike the cells of the starchy endosperm, aleurone cells remain alive at maturity.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology reproduction in higher plants growth and development in plants sexual reproduction in plants post fertilization - plants

Assertion: Gram, pea and mango show epigeal germination.
Reason: In epigeal germination, after radicle hypocotyl grows faster.

  1. If both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.

  2. If both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A.

  3. A is wrong and R is true.

  4. If both A and R are wrong.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In hypogeal germination, epicotyl elongates and cotyledons remain underground. 
In epigeal germination, hypocotyl elongates and pushes cotyledons above the ground. 
Assertion is wrong because gram, pea and mango shows hypogeal germination.
Reason is true but it is not the right explanation for given assertion.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.