Biology · Environmental Studies

Plant Reproduction and Germination

892 Questions

Plant reproduction and germination involve seed structure, cotyledon function, and dispersal mechanisms. These core botany concepts frequently appear in general science sections. Practice these questions to ensure better retention.

Seed germination typesSeed dispersal mechanismsCotyledons and albuminous seedsCryptogamic plantsPhanerogams reproduction

Plant Reproduction and Germination Questions

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination in plants abscisic acid fruit plants: structure and function

State whether the following statements are true or false.
Dormancy of plants occurs in relation to abscisic acid.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Dormancy is the period when the physiological activities of the plant slow down for some time. Abscisic acid is a stress hormone that is responsible for the protection of plants in drought conditions. They are generally growth inhibitors and are also called as dormants. They are mainly responsible for the bud dormancy at the time of winter season and also cause seed dormancy and protect it from desiccation.

So, the correct statement is 'True'.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

Seeds are the basis of out agriculture and offer several advantages to angiosperms. Find the odd statement among the following.

  1. Seeds have better adaptive strategies for dispersal

  2. Seeds may have wings for their dispersal

  3. Seeds have sufficient food reserves to nourish immature haploid embryo on germination

  4. Seeds may remain alive for long
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

True or False:
Plants need an optimum temperature of $5^o - 15^o C$ for germination.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Seed germination can occur across a wide range of temperatures depending on the plant species, and many plants germinate well outside a strict 5 to 15 degree Celsius range, making the blanket statement false.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

In some plants, particularly halophytes, the seeds germinate with fruits while still attached to the parent plant. Identify this phenomenon from the following terms.

  1. Sesimonasty

  2. Vivipary

  3. Monocarpic

  4. Vernalization
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Vivipary is the phenomenon of germination of seeds inside the fruit while it is still attached to the parent tree. Such adaptation is found in halophytes. Viviparous plants produce seeds that germinate before they detach from the parent. In many mangroves, for instance, the seedling germinates and grows under its own energy while still attached to its parent.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

At the time of germination, cotyledon and endosperm do not come out of the soil. This type of germination is called as

  1. Hypogeal germination

  2. Epigeal Germination

  3. Monoecious germination

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The germination process which takes place below the ground and the cotyledon and endosperm do not come out of the soil is called as Hypogeal germination.

So the correct option is 'Hypogeal germination.'

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

Germination in which cotyledons come above the surface of soil is known as 

  1. Epigeal

  2. Hypogeal

  3. Parthenocarpic

  4. Dioceous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In many dicotyledons like beans, castor, and some monocotyledons, the cotyledon is pushed above the soil by rapid elongation of the hypocotyl and they function as photosynthetic organs till the establishment of the seedling. This kind of germination is known as epigeal germination. 

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

Mangrove plants show vivipary. This is

  1. Germination of seeds with in fruits while still attached to parent plant

  2. Germination of seeds in fruits on the soil

  3. Germination of seeds within fruit on sterile artificial culture medium

  4. Germination of seeds only after dispersal of fruits
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The mangroves grow as a group of shrubs along the tidal coasts of mudflats, with specially evolved viviparous (bringing forth live young)  seed development just like mammals. In mangroves, Abscisic acid(ABA) a plant hormone plays a significant role in viviparous germination of seeds. 

The plant hormone leads to transduction followed by the MAPK signaling pathway. 
Vivipary is a condition whereby the embryo(the young plant within the seed) grows first to break through the seed coat out of the fruit while still attached to the parent plant.

 So, the correct answer is 'Germination of seeds within fruits while still attached to the parent plant'

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

Vivipary is

  1. Seed germination with subterranean cotyledons.

  2. Seed germination with epiterranenan cotyledons.

  3. Fruit development without pollination.

  4. Seed germination inside the fruit while attached to the plant.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vivipary is the phenomenon where the seed germinates while still attached to the parent plant, which is a common adaptation in mangrove species.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

Germination is hypogeal in

  1. Cotton

  2. Pea

  3. Castor

  4. Bean
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Epigeal germination: In this type of germination, the hypocotyl elongates rapidly and arches upwards pulling the cotyledons which move above the soil. Bean, cotton, papaya, gourd, castor and onion have germination of this kind.

Hypogeal germination: In this type of germination, the epicotyl elongates and the cotyledons remain below the soil. Pea, mango, maize, rice, gram and groundnut have germination of this kind. So, the correct answer is 'Pea'.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

Germination is epigeal in

  1. <p>Zea mays</p>

  2. <p>Helianthus</p>

  3. <p>Mangifera</p>

  4. <p>Pisum</p>
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Epigeal germination: In this type of germination, the hypocotyl elongates rapidly and arches upwards pulling the cotyledons which move above the soil. Bean, cotton, papaya, gourd, castor and onion have germination of this kind.

Hypogeal germination: In this type of germination, the epicotyl elongates and the cotyledons remain below the soil. Pea, mango, maize, rice, gram and groundnut have germination of this kind.

A. Zea mays (Maize) - hypogeal germination.

B. Helianthus (Sunflower) - epigeal germination.

C. Mangifera (Mango)- hypogeal germination.

D. Pisum (Pea)- hypogeal germination.

So, the correct answer is 'Helianthus'.