Biology · Environmental Studies

Plant Reproduction and Germination

892 Questions

Plant reproduction and germination involve seed structure, cotyledon function, and dispersal mechanisms. These core botany concepts frequently appear in general science sections. Practice these questions to ensure better retention.

Seed germination typesSeed dispersal mechanismsCotyledons and albuminous seedsCryptogamic plantsPhanerogams reproduction

Plant Reproduction and Germination Questions

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

In exalbuminous seeds, there is :

  1. Non formation of endosperm

  2. Abundant formation of endosperm

  3. Abundant protein

  4. Consumption of endosperm during development of speed
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Seed store reserve food for the use of embryo at the time of germination in their cotyledons or in endosperm.

The seeds, which store food materials in their cotyledons are called non- endospermic or exalbuminous seeds( e.g., Gram, Pea).
The seeds, which store food materials in endosperm are called  endospermic or albuminous seeds( e.g., Castor, Maize).
So, the correct answer is 'Consumption of endosperm during development of embryo'.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Which one is monocot albuminous seed?

  1. Maize

  2. Wheat

  3. Rice

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Seeds, which store food materials in their cotyledons are called non- endospermic or exalbuminous seeds.(e.g., Gram, Pea, Bean, Almond, Groundnut).

Seeds, which store food materials in their endosperm are called endospermic or albuminous seeds. (e.g., Castor, Maize, Wheat, Barley, Grasses).

Monocot seed- one cotyledon.

Dicot seed- Two cotyledons.

A. Maize- Monocot albuminous seed.

B. Wheat- Monocot albuminous seed.

C. Rice- Monocot albuminous seed.

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Non-albuminous seeds occur in

  1. Maize

  2. Wheat

  3. Rice

  4. <p>Vallisneria</p>
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Seeds, which store food materials in their cotyledons are called non- endospermic or exalbuminous seeds.(e.g., gram, pea, bean, almond, groundnut, mustard, sunflower).

Seeds, which store food materials in their endosperm are called endospermic or albuminous seeds. (e.g., castor, maize, wheat, barley, grasses, rice).

Vallisneria is a genus of freshwater aquatic plant, commonly called eelgrass, tape grass or vallis.  It has a non albuminous seed.

So, the correct answer is 'Vallisneria'.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Seed of castor is

  1. Non-endospermic exalbuminous

  2. Endospermic albuminous

  3. Endospermic exalbuminous

  4. Non-endospermic albuminous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Seeds, which store food materials in their cotyledons are called non- endospermic or exalbuminous seeds.(e.g., Gram, Pea, Bean, Almond, Groundnut).

Seeds, which store food materials in their endosperm are called endospermic or albuminous seeds. (e.g., Castor, Maize, Wheat, Barley, Grasses).

So, the correct answer is 'Endospermic albuminous'.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Assign the seeds to their respective categories :
(a) Maize 
(b) Mustard
(c) Pea
(d) Endospermic
(e) Non endospermic

  1. a - d, b - d, c- e

  2. a - d, b - e, c- e

  3. a - e, b - e, c - d

  4. a - e, b - d, c - e
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Seeds, which store food materials in their cotyledons are called non- endospermic or exalbuminous seeds.(e.g., Gram, Pea, Bean, Almond, Groundnut).

Seeds, which store food materials in their endosperm are called endospermic or albuminous seeds. (e.g., Castor, Maize, Wheat, Barley, Grasses).

(a) Maize- endospermic

(b) Mustard- Non- endospermic

(c) Pea- Non endospermic.

So, the correct answer is'a-d, b-e, c-e'.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Food is stored in albuminous seed in

  1. Testa

  2. Cotyledon

  3. Endosperm

  4. Plumule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A. Outer seed coat which ensures survival of seeds called testa.

B. Cotyledons reserve food material in exalbuminous seeds.
C. Endosperm reserve food in albuminous seeds.
D. Plumule gives rise to aerial shoot.
So, the correct answer is 'Endosperm'.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Seeds are non-endospermic in

  1. Gram

  2. Pea

  3. Bean

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Seeds, which store food materials in their cotyledons are called non- endospermic or exalbuminous seeds. (e,g., gram, pea, bean, almond, groundnut).

Seeds, which store food materials in their endosperm are called endospermic or albuminous seeds. (e.g., castor, maize, wheat, barley, grasses). So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Endosperm is consumed by the developing embryo in ____________.

  1. Coconut

  2. Pea

  3. Maize

  4. Castor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • In most of the angiosperms, the endosperm by nature will be triploid. 
  • In some plants, the endosperm is completely consumed by the formation of zygote. 
  • In pea and groundnut, the endosperm is consumed by developing an embryo in the seed. 
  • The endosperm is completely absorbed by this growing embryo and hence food reserve gets stored in the cotyledons.
  • The correct option is B.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Albuminous seeds store their reserve food mainly in

  1. Cotyledons

  2. Hypocotyl

  3. Perisperm

  4. Endosperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Seeds, which store food materials in their cotyledons are called non- endospermic or exalbuminous seeds.

Seeds, which store food materials in their endosperm are called endospermic or albuminous seeds.

A. Cotyledons- It store food material in exalbuminous seed.

B. Hypocotyl- The portion of axis between the radicle and cotyledonary node is called hypocotyl.

C. It is a persistent nucellus.

D. Endosperm- It store food material in albuminous seed.

So, the correct answer is 'Endosperm'.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Select the seeds that have separate endosperm.
(a) Maize (b) Onion (c) Rice (d) Bean

  1. a, b and c

  2. a and b

  3. b and d

  4. a and c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Seeds, which store food materials in their endosperm are called endospermic or albuminous seeds. (e.g., Castor, maize, wheat, barley, grasses, rice, onion).

Seeds, which store food materials in their cotyledons are called non- endospermic or exalbuminous seeds.(e.g., gram, pea, bean, almond, groundnut, mustard, sunflower).

So, the correct answer is 'a, b and c'.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Endosperm is completely consumed by the developing embryo in

  1. Pea, Bean and Groundnut

  2. Maize, Bean and Castor

  3. Maize, Pea and Groundnut

  4. Maize, Bean and Pea
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
In some plants, the endosperm is completely consumed by the growing embryo. Such seeds in which no endosperm is left are called exalbuminous or non-endospermous seeds.
Examples are Pea, Bean, Groundnut.
Whereas the seeds, in which endosperm is not completely consumed by the growing embryo and is persistent, are called albuminous or endospermous seeds. Examples are Maize and Castor.
So, the correct answer is A.
Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Which of the following is an example of a seed in which the endosperm is not completely consumed by the developing embryo?

  1. Gram

  2. Bean

  3. Castor

  4. Pea
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Seeds in which endosperm is completely consumed by the growing embryo, are called exalbuminous or non endospermous seeds. Examples are Pea, Bean, Gram.
Seeds in which endosperm is not completely consumed by the growing embryo and is persistent, are called albuminous or endospermous seeds. Example is Castor.
So, the correct answer is C.
Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Which of the following statements is not correct?

  1. In corn, the mature seed is exalbuminous

  2. In orchids, the embryo has no cotyledons

  3. In corn, the embryo contains young leaves while in the seed

  4. In peach, the fruit is drupe
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Corn (maize) is an endospermic (albuminous) seed, not exalbuminous. Therefore, statement A is the incorrect one.

Multiple choice biology transport in plant transport of water and minerals conduction of water and minerals absorption of water and minerals in plants

Many transplanted seeding may not survive because

  1. They do not like the new soil.

  2. They do not get required mineral salt.

  3. Most of the root hairs are lost during transplantation.

  4. The leaves get damaged.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Root hairs are important for absorption of water and minerals. If root hairs are damaged during transplantation absorption of water and minerals will suffer. Hence, transplanted seedling may not survive.