Biology · Environmental Studies

Plant Reproduction and Germination

892 Questions

Plant reproduction and germination involve seed structure, cotyledon function, and dispersal mechanisms. These core botany concepts frequently appear in general science sections. Practice these questions to ensure better retention.

Seed germination typesSeed dispersal mechanismsCotyledons and albuminous seedsCryptogamic plantsPhanerogams reproduction

Plant Reproduction and Germination Questions

Multiple choice biology life within the seed developmental journey of seed introduction to plant organs and germination seed to plants

A germinating mustard seed converts its lipids into sugars by _______________.

  1. TCA cycle

  2. Glyoxylate cycle

  3. Calvin cycle

  4. Glycotate pathway
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Oilseeds convert stored lipids into sugars during germination via the glyoxylate cycle, a specialized pathway occurring in glyoxysomes that bypasses the decarboxylation steps of the TCA cycle.

Multiple choice biology life within the seed developmental journey of seed introduction to plant organs and germination seed to plants

Which of the following processes involved are true of the germinating seed?
a. Imbibitions of water
b. Evolution of oxygen
c. Synthesis of enzymes
d. Emergence of radical
Select the correct answer using the codes given.

  1. $1, 2$ and $3$
  2. $1, 3$ and $4$
  3. $2, 3$ and $4$
  4. $1$ and $2$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Seed germination involves water imbibition, activation and synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes, and eventual emergence of the radicle. Evolution of oxygen does not occur because germinating seeds consume oxygen for aerobic respiration and evolve carbon dioxide instead.

Multiple choice biology life within the seed developmental journey of seed introduction to plant organs and germination seed to plants

After soaking the seeds overnight, these changes are seen in it 

  1. Stored food is digested to soluble form

  2. Physiological activity increases

  3. Imbibition of water occurs

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

When seeds soaked in water, water gets absorbed with increasing its volume, the physiological activity the seed also increases along with the metabolic activities and the food gets digested.

So the correct option is 'All of the above.'

Multiple choice biology life within the seed developmental journey of seed introduction to plant organs and germination seed to plants

Freshly liberated seeds of Erianthus hiemalis do not germinate due to

  1. Occurrence of impermeable seed coat

  2. Immaturity of embryo

  3. Occurrence of inhibitors

  4. Absence of growth hormones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Immaturity of embryo prevents germination of freshly liberated seeds of Erianthus hiemalis. 

So, the correct answer is 'Immaturity of embryo'

Multiple choice biology life within the seed developmental journey of seed introduction to plant organs and germination seed to plants

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
The following are requirement of seeds for germination to occur:

  1. oxygen for increased metabolism

  2. adequate temperature

  3. adequate water

  4. all of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Seed germination requires oxygen for cellular respiration, an adequate temperature for enzymatic activity, and water for metabolic activation and imbibition.

Multiple choice biology animal physiology sexual reproduction in flowering plants reproduction - the generating system reproduction

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
The development of a sporophyte from the moss gametophyte without sexual fusion is
called:

  1. apomoxis

  2. apogamy

  3. apospory

  4. amphimixis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Apogamy is the development of a sporophyte directly from a gametophyte without sexual fusion (syngamy). Apospory is the reverse, where a gametophyte develops from a sporophyte without meiosis.

Multiple choice biology plant growth seed dormancy fruit plants: structure and function

Seed dormancy is due to the : -

  1. Ethylene

  2. Abscissic acid

  3. IAA

  4. Starch
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Seed dormancy is defined as a state in which seeds are prevented from germinating even under environmental conditions normally favorable for germination. The sesquiterpene abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many processes during the plant life cycle, including key events during seed formation, such as the deposition of storage reserves, prevention of precocious germination, the acquisition of desiccation tolerance, and the induction of primary dormancy.

So, the correct answer is 'Abscissic acid'.
Multiple choice biology plant growth seed dormancy fruit plants: structure and function

Type of seed dormancy is

  1. Physiological

  2. Morphological

  3. Mechanical

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The conditions present outside the embryo causes Exogenous dormancy and are grouped into physiological, morphological and mechanical dormancy.

So the correct option is 'All of the above.'

Multiple choice biology plants: structure and function seed dormancy fruit plant growth

Seed dormancy is an adaptation to ensure its germination during

  1. Unfavourable period

  2. Favourable period

  3. Stress condition

  4. Dessication
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Seed dormancy is an adaptation to ensure its germination during favourable period. One important function of most seeds is delayed germination, which allows time for dispersal and prevents germination of all the seeds at the same time. The staggering of germination safeguards some seeds and seedlings from suffering damage or death from short periods of bad weather or from transient herbivores; it also allows some seeds to germinate when competition from other plants for light and water might be less intense. Seed dormancy can be caused by all the factors mentioned. A dormant seed is one that is unable to germinate in a specified period of time under a combination of environmental factors that are normally suitable for the germination of the non-dormant seed. Dormancy is a mechanism to prevent germination during unsuitable ecological conditions, when the probability of seedling survival is low. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology plant growth seed dormancy fruit plants: structure and function

Select the correct reason for seed dormancy.

  1. Immature embryo

  2. Hard seed coat

  3. Presence of germinating inhibitors

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Dormancy is the condition of a seed when it fails to germinate even when environmental conditions considered necessary for germination are available. The following are some main causes of seed dormancy:

1) Immature embryo: some seeds fail to germinate due to the partial development of the embryo at the time of their dissemination.
2) Hard seed coat: the presence of hard seed coat causes dormancy as it is impermeable to water and gases and mechanically restrict the growth of the embryo.
3) The presence of germinating inhibitors: Some plants produce certain chemical compounds which inhibit seed germination.
Thus option D is the correct answer. 

Multiple choice biology plant growth seed dormancy fruit plants: structure and function

Treatment of seed at low temperature under moist conditions to break its dormancy is called as 

  1. Chelation

  2. Scarification

  3. Vernalization

  4. Stratification
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Stratification involves the treatment of seeds at low temperature (5-10 degree C) under sufficiently moist conditions to break its dormancy and to induce germination.

Scarification involves damage or breakage of seed coat by physical methods or chemical methods to break seed dormancy.
Vernalization and Chelation are the methods of cooling of seed during germination in order to accelerate flowering when it is planted. Hence option D is correct.

Multiple choice biology plant growth seed dormancy fruit plants: structure and function

Which of the following is associated with dormancy of seeds?

  1. IBA

  2. GA

  3. Ethylene

  4. Ferulic acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Germination Inhibitors: They occur in the seed coats and cotyledons of the embryos. The important germination inhibitors causing seed dormancy are abscisic acid, phenolic acid, ferulic acid, coumarin, short fatty acids and cyanogenic chemicals, e.g., Apple, Peach, Ash, Cucurbita, Iris, Xanthium. Counteracting Inhibitors: Inhibitors are destroyed by dipping seeds in KNO$ _3$, thiourea, ethylene chlorohydrin and gibberellin. IBA, GA, ethylene are counteracting inhibitors of seed dormancy while ferulic acid is a germination inhibitor. So, the correct answer is 'Ferulic acid'.