Biology · Environmental Studies

Plant Reproduction and Germination

835 Questions

Plant reproduction and germination involve seed structure, cotyledon function, and dispersal mechanisms. These core botany concepts frequently appear in general science sections. Practice these questions to ensure better retention.

Seed germination typesSeed dispersal mechanismsCotyledons and albuminous seedsCryptogamic plantsPhanerogams reproduction

Plant Reproduction and Germination Questions

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Endosperm is consumed by the developing embryo in ____________.

  1. Coconut

  2. Pea

  3. Maize

  4. Castor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • In most of the angiosperms, the endosperm by nature will be triploid. 
  • In some plants, the endosperm is completely consumed by the formation of zygote. 
  • In pea and groundnut, the endosperm is consumed by developing an embryo in the seed. 
  • The endosperm is completely absorbed by this growing embryo and hence food reserve gets stored in the cotyledons.
  • The correct option is B.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Albuminous seeds store their reserve food mainly in

  1. Cotyledons

  2. Hypocotyl

  3. Perisperm

  4. Endosperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Seeds, which store food materials in their cotyledons are called non- endospermic or exalbuminous seeds.

Seeds, which store food materials in their endosperm are called endospermic or albuminous seeds.

A. Cotyledons- It store food material in exalbuminous seed.

B. Hypocotyl- The portion of axis between the radicle and cotyledonary node is called hypocotyl.

C. It is a persistent nucellus.

D. Endosperm- It store food material in albuminous seed.

So, the correct answer is 'Endosperm'.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Select the seeds that have separate endosperm.
(a) Maize (b) Onion (c) Rice (d) Bean

  1. a, b and c

  2. a and b

  3. b and d

  4. a and c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Seeds, which store food materials in their endosperm are called endospermic or albuminous seeds. (e.g., Castor, maize, wheat, barley, grasses, rice, onion).

Seeds, which store food materials in their cotyledons are called non- endospermic or exalbuminous seeds.(e.g., gram, pea, bean, almond, groundnut, mustard, sunflower).

So, the correct answer is 'a, b and c'.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Endosperm is completely consumed by the developing embryo in

  1. Pea, Bean and Groundnut

  2. Maize, Bean and Castor

  3. Maize, Pea and Groundnut

  4. Maize, Bean and Pea
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
In some plants, the endosperm is completely consumed by the growing embryo. Such seeds in which no endosperm is left are called exalbuminous or non-endospermous seeds.
Examples are Pea, Bean, Groundnut.
Whereas the seeds, in which endosperm is not completely consumed by the growing embryo and is persistent, are called albuminous or endospermous seeds. Examples are Maize and Castor.
So, the correct answer is A.
Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Which of the following is an example of a seed in which the endosperm is not completely consumed by the developing embryo?

  1. Gram

  2. Bean

  3. Castor

  4. Pea
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Seeds in which endosperm is completely consumed by the growing embryo, are called exalbuminous or non endospermous seeds. Examples are Pea, Bean, Gram.
Seeds in which endosperm is not completely consumed by the growing embryo and is persistent, are called albuminous or endospermous seeds. Example is Castor.
So, the correct answer is C.
Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Which of the following statements is not correct?

  1. In corn, the mature seed is exalbuminous

  2. In orchids, the embryo has no cotyledons

  3. In corn, the embryo contains young leaves while in the seed

  4. In peach, the fruit is drupe
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Corn (maize) is an endospermic (albuminous) seed, not exalbuminous. Therefore, statement A is the incorrect one.

Multiple choice biology transport in plant transport of water and minerals conduction of water and minerals absorption of water and minerals in plants

Many transplanted seeding may not survive because

  1. They do not like the new soil.

  2. They do not get required mineral salt.

  3. Most of the root hairs are lost during transplantation.

  4. The leaves get damaged.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Root hairs are important for absorption of water and minerals. If root hairs are damaged during transplantation absorption of water and minerals will suffer. Hence, transplanted seedling may not survive.

Multiple choice biology the life cycle of animals types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous a study on animals

Vivipary means

  1. Fruits are not formed.

  2. Germination of seed on mother plant.

  3. Formation of fruits directly by embryo.

  4. Production of fruitless plant.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Vivipary is the condition, where the embryo grows first to break through the seed coat and then out of the fruit wall while still attached to the parent plant. This condition is found in Bruguiera, Ceriops, Kandelia and Rhizophora species.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

The scutellum observed in a grain of wheat or maize is comparable to which part of the seed in other monocotyledons?

  1. Plumule

  2. Cotyledon

  3. Endosperm

  4. Aleurone layer
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The scutellum is part of the structure of a barley and rice seed, the modified seed leaf. The scutellum can also refer to the equivalence of a thin cotyledon in monocots. It is very thin with high surface area and serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm during germination. The scutellum is believed to contain an as yet unidentified protein transporter that facilitates starch movement from the endosperm to the embryo.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

A seed in which micropyle and hilum cannot be traced is 

  1. Pea

  2. Gram

  3. Castor

  4. Maize
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A seed in which micropyle and hilum cannot be traced is maize. In maize, the pericarp of the fruit is fused with the seed coat referred to as caryopsis, typical of the grasses, and the entire kernel is often referred to as the seed. The cob is close to a multiple fruit in structure, except that the individual fruits, the kernels never fuse into a single mass. 

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

An endospermic seed is

  1. Pea

  2. Gram

  3. Castor

  4. Bean
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The seeds, which store food materials in their cotyledons are called non- endospermic or exalbuminous seeds.The seeds, which store food materials in endosperm are called  endospermic or albuminous seeds.
A. Pea- non- endospermic seed.
B. Gram- non- endospermic seed.
C. Castor- endospermic seed.
D. Bean- non- endospermic seed.
So, the correct answer is 'Castor'.
Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

In cereal grain, single cotyledon is represented by

  1. Coleoptile

  2. Coleorhiza

  3. Scutellum

  4. Prophyll
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In grain seed, which is moncot and endospermic seed. the embryo consists of an upper shield shaped scutellum which is actually a reduced cotyledon. The scutellum is closely pressed against the endosperm and helps in the translocation of nutrients from endosperm to the growing embryo at the time of germination and seedling growth. So, the correct answer is 'Scutellum'.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

Monocotyledonous/ wheat seed has one large shield - shaped cotyledon known as

  1. Coleoptile

  2. Scutellum

  3. Aleurone layer

  4. Coleorhiza
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Coleoptile is a sheath protecting a young shoot top in monocotyledons such as grasses. They have two vascular bundles, one on either side. 

The scutellum is part of the structure of a barley and rice seed- the modified seed leaf. It is the large shield shaped cotyledon.
Aleurone layer is the outermost proteinaceous layer of endosperm, followed by the inner starchy endosperm. It lies between the pericarp and the hyaline layer of the endosperm.
Coleorhiza is a sheath protecting the root of germinating monocots. It connects coleoptile with primary root and is a protective covering enclosing the radicle.
So, the correct answer is 'Scutellum'

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

Monocotyledonous seeds possess a single cotyledon which is represented by

  1. Tegman

  2. Endosperm

  3. Scutellum

  4. Aleurone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In monocots, particularly the grasses where the fruit is a caryopsis, the cotyledon forms a shield like structure the scutellum. Its function is to digest the endosperm and direct the nutrients to the developing embryo. It does not form green leaf like structures as in dicots.

So, the correct answer is 'Scutellum'