Biology · Environmental Studies

Plant Reproduction and Germination

835 Questions

Plant reproduction and germination involve seed structure, cotyledon function, and dispersal mechanisms. These core botany concepts frequently appear in general science sections. Practice these questions to ensure better retention.

Seed germination typesSeed dispersal mechanismsCotyledons and albuminous seedsCryptogamic plantsPhanerogams reproduction

Plant Reproduction and Germination Questions

Multiple choice botany types and parts of plants plant life cycle alternation of generations life span

A plant lives for less than one year is called

  1. Annual

  2. Biennial

  3. Semi-annual

  4. Perennial
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A plant which can be grown only once in a year is an annual plant. A plant lives for less than one year is also called an annual plant because it cannot be grown again to complete two lifetimes in just one year.

So, the correct answer is "annual'.

Multiple choice botany types and parts of plants plant life cycle alternation of generations life span

Plants that perform their entire life from seed to flower and then to seed within a single growing season is known as

  1. Annuals

  2. Biennials

  3. Perennials

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A- Annuals are plants that perform their entire life cycle within a single growing season. While biennials complete their life cycle in two years & Perennials live for more than two years.

Multiple choice botany types and parts of plants plant life cycle alternation of generations life span

A biennial plant is one which ___________________.

  1. Lives for two years but flowers towards the end of the second year

  2. Produces two sets of flowers in a year

  3. Grows during the second year from seeds shed turning the previous year

  4. Lives and grows from year to year
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A biennial plant completes its life cycle in two years. It grows vegetatively in the first year and flowers, produces seeds, and dies in the second year.

Multiple choice botany types and parts of plants plant life cycle alternation of generations life span

Which kind of life-cycle pattern is exhibited by seed-bearing plants?

  1. Haplontic

  2. Diplontic

  3. Haplo-diplontic

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In a diplontic life cycle, the dominant free-living phase is the diploid (2n). The sporophyte is photosynthetic. The gametophytic phase is represented by single to few-celled haploid gametophyte. All seed-bearing plants, i.e., gymnosperms and angiosperms exhibit this type of life cycle.

So the correct option is B.

Multiple choice biology reproduction and modification in plants importance of pollination flower: parts of a flower flower and pollination

Even in absence of pollinating agents seed setting is assured in 

  1. Commelina

  2. Zostera

  3. Salvia

  4. Fig
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Even in absence of pollinating agents, seed setting is assured in Commelina, which is also called as 'Asiatic dayflower'. They lack nectar, they offer only pollen as a reward to their visitors. To attract pollinators, the plant has three types of brightly coloured floral organs: the large blue petals, fertile yellow anthers and infertile yellow antherodes that lack pollen.

Multiple choice biology the flower importance of pollination flower: parts of a flower flower and pollination

Seeds are products of sexual reproduction because they

  1. Give rise to new plants

  2. Have variability

  3. Are formed by fusion of gametes

  4. Are formed by fusion of pollen tube
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Double fertilization in angiosperms triggers the transformation of ovule into a seed. The zygote delvelops into an embryo. In double fertilization, one male gamete fuses with the egg to form the diploid zygote, the other male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the triploid primary endosperm nucleus.

So, the correct answer is 'Are formed by fusion of gametes'.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Endosperm, a product of double fertilisation in angiosperms is absent in the seeds of

  1. Coconut

  2. Orchids

  3. Maize

  4. Castor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Orchid seed is a non-endospermic seed, i.e., endosperm is absent in it. Endosperm is a nourishing tissue present in the seed which nourishes the developingembryo. In orchid seed endosperm is absent because it is used up during the time ofseed development. Nourishment for germinating seed is provided by the food material present in cotyledons. 


Rest of the options are examples of endospermic seeds.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

The mature seeds of plants such as gram and peas, possess no endosperm, because

  1. these plants are not angiosperms

  2. there is no double fertilisation in them

  3. endosperm is not formed in them

  4. endosperm gets used up by the developing embryo during seed development.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Gram and pea both are dicot seeds. Cotyledons take up most of the space in the seed and these cotyledons become filled with the material that will nourish the growing embryo. therefore the endosperm is used up by the developing embryo.

So, the correct option is endosperm gets used up by the developing embryo during seed development.
Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Endospermic seeds are found in

  1. Barley

  2. Castor

  3. Pea

  4. Both (a) and (b)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Those seeds in which the endosperm persists even after germination are called endospermous seeds. Barley and castor are examples of monocot and dicot endospermous seeds respectively.

So, the correct answer is 'Both (a) and (b)'

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Careals, castor and coconut possess ______ seeds.

  1. Endospermic

  2. Zoospermic

  3. Non-albuminous

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

If the endosperm exists after the seed has germinated then the seeds are referred to as endospermous seeds, this could be due to greater synthesis or lesser utilization by the developing embryo.

Examples, cereals, castor and coconut
So, the correct answer is 'Endospermic'

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Endosperm is completely consumed by the developing embryo in

  1. Pea and groundnut

  2. Maize and castor

  3. Castor and groundnut

  4. Maize and pea
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In pea and groundnut, endosperm is consumed by developing embryo in the seed. The endosperm is completely absorbed by the growing embryo and the food reserve gets stored in the cotyledons. Such seeds are called non-endospermic or exalbuminous.

So, the correct option is 'Pea and groundnut'.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Endospermic seeds are found in.

  1. Castor

  2. Barley

  3. Coconut

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Endospermic seeds are those that have an endosperm in the mature seed. It is fleshy, oily, surrounds the embryo, and functions as the sole food storage organ. Inside the seed coat, a thin and papery cotyledon is present. Monocot plants have endospermic seeds.
So, the correct option is 'All of these'.
Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

In albuminous seeds, food is stored in ________ and in non-albumious seeds, it is stored in ___________.

  1. Endosperm, cotyledons

  2. Cotyledons, endosperm

  3. Nucellus, cotyledons

  4. Endosperm, radicle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Albuminous seeds are the seeds which have food stored in the special nourishing tissue called as endosperm that remains persistent till maturity. Cotyledons only act as food sucking organs and not food storage organs e.g., Castor seed. Non-albuminous seeds are the seeds which have the stored food and the cotyledons in a special structure called as a kernel. It does not remain until the embryo is mature. e.g. Pea seed.
So, the correct option is 'Endosperm, cotyledons'.
Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Caruncle of Albuminous dicot seed is derived from

  1. Cotyledon

  2. Embryo

  3. integument

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The caruncle is the white spongy outgrowth of the micropyle seen in some species and derived from embryo. It absorbs water readily so that it may be of some use in germination.
So the correct answer is 'Embryo'.