Biology · Environmental Studies

Plant Reproduction and Germination

835 Questions

Plant reproduction and germination involve seed structure, cotyledon function, and dispersal mechanisms. These core botany concepts frequently appear in general science sections. Practice these questions to ensure better retention.

Seed germination typesSeed dispersal mechanismsCotyledons and albuminous seedsCryptogamic plantsPhanerogams reproduction

Plant Reproduction and Germination Questions

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

The seeds of orchids and Alisma are exceptional monocots because they

  1. Lack pericarp

  2. Are exalbuminous

  3. Lack cotyledons

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Seeds of flowering plants are either dicotyledonous or monocotyledonous. While, the dicotyledons are characterized by two kidney shaped cotyledons, these are either non-endospermic exalbumnous or endospermic depending on the presence of endosperm and food storage areas. The monocotyledons with a single cotyledons are also differentiated as endospermic and non-endospermic based on the presence of endosperms. In case of Alisma and orchids, the seeds are extremely small with an undifferentiated embryo that lacks endosperm. They are referred to as acotyledons or exceptional monocots.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

Monocot seeds are mostly endospermic, which of the following is a monocot non -endospermic seed?

  1. Oryza

  2. Castor

  3. Alisma

  4. Avena
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Monocot seeds are mostly endospermic, but Alisma is a monocot non -endospermic seed. In most monocotyledons the seeds are endospermic. The embryo is embedded in the endosperm which the seedling will use upon germination. In few they are non-endospermic seeds like that of dicotylednous plants where the endosperm is absorbed by the embryo as the latter grows within the developing seed and the cotyledons of the embryo become filled with stored food. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

It will not be any advantage to produce seedless fruits in

  1. Mangoes

  2. Watermelons

  3. Pomegranate

  4. Oranges
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Pomegranate is fruit which has leathery-skinned berry within which it contains many seeds. Each seed is surrounded by a juicy and fleshy aril. It contains hundred of edible seeds. So, it will not be any advantage to produce seedless fruit in pomegranate.

So, the correct answer C 'Pomegranate'

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

A number of fruitlets(seeds) of Strawberry are removed randomly during development of fruit.

  1. Normal fruit with fewer seeds is formed

  2. Distorted fruit with under-developed portions is formed

  3. A seedless fruit is formed

  4. Fruit stops development
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In strawberries, the fruit is an aggregate accessory fruit. The development of the fleshy receptacle depends on the presence of the achenes (seeds); removing them leads to distorted growth in those specific areas.

Multiple choice evs modern agriculture agricultural practices in india different types of farming and agriculture various agricultural practices

Which of the following technique is used to separate the seeds from the cobs?

  1. Threshing

  2. Soaking

  3. Sprouting

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Threshing is the technique used to separate the edible part of crop from the cobs that surrounds it. It is done after harvesting. Soaking is a process in which pulses are kept in water to make them soft. Sprouting is a process in which pulses are kept in wet cloth to receive air and water to sprout. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

What are cotyledons?

  1. They are the leaves of embryo.

  2. They are the leaves.

  3. They are the stems of embryo.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cotyledons are the leaves of embryo. Their number is either one or two. Sometimes, they store food materials and become fleshy.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Angiosperms were the first plants to have

  1. Petals

  2. Seed coats to protect seeds

  3. Fleshy fruit

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Angiosperms are the most advanced group of vascular plants. They are commonly called 'Flowering plants'. 
The most important feature in angiosperms is that they exhibit reproductive structures called flowers. The flowers contain certain structures arranged in four whorls. The outer whorls contain accessory structures such as sepals and petals and the two inner whorls containing essential structures such as stamens and carpels.
The stamens represent microsporophylls. Each stamen has an anther and a filament. The anther produces pollen grains containing the highly reduced male gametophyte. The carpels represent megasporophyll. They enclose ovules containing the egg cell which with the associated cells represent the female gametophyte.
A characteristic feature of angiosperms is the occurrence of a phenomenon called double fertilization one male gamete fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote while another male gamete fuses with a diploid secondary nucleus, to form a triploid endosperm (triple fusion). Following pollination and fertilization, the ovule transforms into the seed while the ovary that encloses the ovule transforms into the fruit. Thus, seeds are enclosed in fruits.
Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

The plants whose seeds have only one cotyledon are called as

  1. Monocots

  2. Dicots

  3. Biennials

  4. Annuals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Angiosperms are also called as flowering plants. Monocots contain a single cotyledon as because the endosperm needed to nourish is not present outside the seed leaf. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

An example of angiosperm (closed-seeded plant) is

  1. Mango

  2. Cycas

  3. Pinus

  4. Ginkgo

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Angiosperms are the flowering plants. Their seeds develop inside a female reproductive part of the flower, called as the ovary, which usually ripens into a protective fruit. Gymnosperms do not have flowers or ovaries. Their seeds mature inside cones. Seeds may be carried away from the parent plant by wind, water, or animals. Mango is an angiosperm. Cycas, Ginkgo and Pinus are gymnosperms. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

The plants whose seeds have two cotyledons are called as

  1. Monocots

  2. Dicots

  3. Biennials

  4. Annuals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Angiosperms are also called as flowering plants. They are classified based on characteristics that include cotyledon structure, pollen grains, as well as flower and vascular tissue arrangement. Basal angiosperms, classified separately, contain features found in both monocots and dicots, as they are believed to have originated before the separation of these two main groups. Monocots contain a single cotyledon and have veins that run parallel to the length of their leaves; their flowers are arranged in three to six-fold symmetry. Dicots have flowers arranged in whorls, two cotyledons, and a vein arrangement that forms networks within their leaves. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

What is true of angiosperms?

  1. Seeds are naked

  2. They have tracheids only

  3. They are not cryptogams

  4. They lack companion cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Angiosperms are flowering plants and are not cryptogams (which are non-flowering plants like algae, mosses, and ferns). They have seeds enclosed in fruits, possess vessel elements, and have companion cells.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Consider the following statements associated with the germination of an angiosperm us seed.
a. As the seed gets hydrated and germinates. Enzymatic activity is increased.
b. The respiration rate of the germinating seed increases along with the increased enzymatic activity.
c. The increase in the respiratory rate continues till senescence.
Of the statements.

  1. $1, 2$ and $3$ correct
  2. $1$ and $2$ are correct
  3. $2$ and $3$ are correct
  4. $1$ and $3$ are correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

All three statements are correct: hydration triggers enzymatic activity, which increases respiration, and this high metabolic rate persists until the seedling is established (senescence of the seed stage).

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Which of the following is an example of dicotyledon seed?

  1. Maize

  2. Mustard

  3. Banana

  4. Garlic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • The flowering plants (angiosperms) are divided into two groups, namely monocots and dicots. 
  • Monocots- Plants which have only one cotyledon in the seeds are called as monocots. For example, maize, banana, garlic, etc.
  • Dicots- Plants that have two cotyledons in their seeds are called as dicots. For example, mustard, beans, legumes, apples, etc.
Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Cotyledons are also called as______________

  1. Seed fruit

  2. Seed stem

  3. Seed leaves

  4. Seed
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cotyledons are actually part of the seed. 
  • They are the first part of the plant to emerge and they look like little green leaves (hence, "seed leaves"). 
  • The cotyledons store food reserves for the growing seedling. The plant relies on this stored food for early growth. 
  • The cotyledons also can photosynthesize, which supplies extra energy until the first true leaves emerge.