Biology · Environmental Studies

Plant Reproduction and Germination

892 Questions

Plant reproduction and germination involve seed structure, cotyledon function, and dispersal mechanisms. These core botany concepts frequently appear in general science sections. Practice these questions to ensure better retention.

Seed germination typesSeed dispersal mechanismsCotyledons and albuminous seedsCryptogamic plantsPhanerogams reproduction

Plant Reproduction and Germination Questions

Multiple choice biology the life cycle of animals types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous a study on animals

Vivipary means

  1. Fruits are not formed.

  2. Germination of seed on mother plant.

  3. Formation of fruits directly by embryo.

  4. Production of fruitless plant.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Vivipary is the condition, where the embryo grows first to break through the seed coat and then out of the fruit wall while still attached to the parent plant. This condition is found in Bruguiera, Ceriops, Kandelia and Rhizophora species.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

The scutellum observed in a grain of wheat or maize is comparable to which part of the seed in other monocotyledons?

  1. Plumule

  2. Cotyledon

  3. Endosperm

  4. Aleurone layer
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The scutellum is part of the structure of a barley and rice seed, the modified seed leaf. The scutellum can also refer to the equivalence of a thin cotyledon in monocots. It is very thin with high surface area and serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm during germination. The scutellum is believed to contain an as yet unidentified protein transporter that facilitates starch movement from the endosperm to the embryo.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

A seed in which micropyle and hilum cannot be traced is 

  1. Pea

  2. Gram

  3. Castor

  4. Maize
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A seed in which micropyle and hilum cannot be traced is maize. In maize, the pericarp of the fruit is fused with the seed coat referred to as caryopsis, typical of the grasses, and the entire kernel is often referred to as the seed. The cob is close to a multiple fruit in structure, except that the individual fruits, the kernels never fuse into a single mass. 

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

An endospermic seed is

  1. Pea

  2. Gram

  3. Castor

  4. Bean
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The seeds, which store food materials in their cotyledons are called non- endospermic or exalbuminous seeds.The seeds, which store food materials in endosperm are called  endospermic or albuminous seeds.
A. Pea- non- endospermic seed.
B. Gram- non- endospermic seed.
C. Castor- endospermic seed.
D. Bean- non- endospermic seed.
So, the correct answer is 'Castor'.
Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

In cereal grain, single cotyledon is represented by

  1. Coleoptile

  2. Coleorhiza

  3. Scutellum

  4. Prophyll
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In grain seed, which is moncot and endospermic seed. the embryo consists of an upper shield shaped scutellum which is actually a reduced cotyledon. The scutellum is closely pressed against the endosperm and helps in the translocation of nutrients from endosperm to the growing embryo at the time of germination and seedling growth. So, the correct answer is 'Scutellum'.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

Monocotyledonous/ wheat seed has one large shield - shaped cotyledon known as

  1. Coleoptile

  2. Scutellum

  3. Aleurone layer

  4. Coleorhiza
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Coleoptile is a sheath protecting a young shoot top in monocotyledons such as grasses. They have two vascular bundles, one on either side. 

The scutellum is part of the structure of a barley and rice seed- the modified seed leaf. It is the large shield shaped cotyledon.
Aleurone layer is the outermost proteinaceous layer of endosperm, followed by the inner starchy endosperm. It lies between the pericarp and the hyaline layer of the endosperm.
Coleorhiza is a sheath protecting the root of germinating monocots. It connects coleoptile with primary root and is a protective covering enclosing the radicle.
So, the correct answer is 'Scutellum'

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

Monocotyledonous seeds possess a single cotyledon which is represented by

  1. Tegman

  2. Endosperm

  3. Scutellum

  4. Aleurone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In monocots, particularly the grasses where the fruit is a caryopsis, the cotyledon forms a shield like structure the scutellum. Its function is to digest the endosperm and direct the nutrients to the developing embryo. It does not form green leaf like structures as in dicots.

So, the correct answer is 'Scutellum'

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

The seeds of orchids and Alisma are exceptional monocots because they

  1. Lack pericarp

  2. Are exalbuminous

  3. Lack cotyledons

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Seeds of flowering plants are either dicotyledonous or monocotyledonous. While, the dicotyledons are characterized by two kidney shaped cotyledons, these are either non-endospermic exalbumnous or endospermic depending on the presence of endosperm and food storage areas. The monocotyledons with a single cotyledons are also differentiated as endospermic and non-endospermic based on the presence of endosperms. In case of Alisma and orchids, the seeds are extremely small with an undifferentiated embryo that lacks endosperm. They are referred to as acotyledons or exceptional monocots.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

Monocot seeds are mostly endospermic, which of the following is a monocot non -endospermic seed?

  1. Oryza

  2. Castor

  3. Alisma

  4. Avena
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Monocot seeds are mostly endospermic, but Alisma is a monocot non -endospermic seed. In most monocotyledons the seeds are endospermic. The embryo is embedded in the endosperm which the seedling will use upon germination. In few they are non-endospermic seeds like that of dicotylednous plants where the endosperm is absorbed by the embryo as the latter grows within the developing seed and the cotyledons of the embryo become filled with stored food. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

It will not be any advantage to produce seedless fruits in

  1. Mangoes

  2. Watermelons

  3. Pomegranate

  4. Oranges
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Pomegranate is fruit which has leathery-skinned berry within which it contains many seeds. Each seed is surrounded by a juicy and fleshy aril. It contains hundred of edible seeds. So, it will not be any advantage to produce seedless fruit in pomegranate.

So, the correct answer C 'Pomegranate'

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

A number of fruitlets(seeds) of Strawberry are removed randomly during development of fruit.

  1. Normal fruit with fewer seeds is formed

  2. Distorted fruit with under-developed portions is formed

  3. A seedless fruit is formed

  4. Fruit stops development
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In strawberries, the fruit is an aggregate accessory fruit. The development of the fleshy receptacle depends on the presence of the achenes (seeds); removing them leads to distorted growth in those specific areas.

Multiple choice evs modern agriculture agricultural practices in india different types of farming and agriculture various agricultural practices

Which of the following technique is used to separate the seeds from the cobs?

  1. Threshing

  2. Soaking

  3. Sprouting

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Threshing is the technique used to separate the edible part of crop from the cobs that surrounds it. It is done after harvesting. Soaking is a process in which pulses are kept in water to make them soft. Sprouting is a process in which pulses are kept in wet cloth to receive air and water to sprout. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

What are cotyledons?

  1. They are the leaves of embryo.

  2. They are the leaves.

  3. They are the stems of embryo.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cotyledons are the leaves of embryo. Their number is either one or two. Sometimes, they store food materials and become fleshy.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Angiosperms were the first plants to have

  1. Petals

  2. Seed coats to protect seeds

  3. Fleshy fruit

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Angiosperms are the most advanced group of vascular plants. They are commonly called 'Flowering plants'. 
The most important feature in angiosperms is that they exhibit reproductive structures called flowers. The flowers contain certain structures arranged in four whorls. The outer whorls contain accessory structures such as sepals and petals and the two inner whorls containing essential structures such as stamens and carpels.
The stamens represent microsporophylls. Each stamen has an anther and a filament. The anther produces pollen grains containing the highly reduced male gametophyte. The carpels represent megasporophyll. They enclose ovules containing the egg cell which with the associated cells represent the female gametophyte.
A characteristic feature of angiosperms is the occurrence of a phenomenon called double fertilization one male gamete fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote while another male gamete fuses with a diploid secondary nucleus, to form a triploid endosperm (triple fusion). Following pollination and fertilization, the ovule transforms into the seed while the ovary that encloses the ovule transforms into the fruit. Thus, seeds are enclosed in fruits.