Biology · Environmental Studies

Plant Reproduction and Germination

892 Questions

Plant reproduction and germination involve seed structure, cotyledon function, and dispersal mechanisms. These core botany concepts frequently appear in general science sections. Practice these questions to ensure better retention.

Seed germination typesSeed dispersal mechanismsCotyledons and albuminous seedsCryptogamic plantsPhanerogams reproduction

Plant Reproduction and Germination Questions

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

The plants whose seeds have only one cotyledon are called as

  1. Monocots

  2. Dicots

  3. Biennials

  4. Annuals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Angiosperms are also called as flowering plants. Monocots contain a single cotyledon as because the endosperm needed to nourish is not present outside the seed leaf. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

An example of angiosperm (closed-seeded plant) is

  1. Mango

  2. Cycas

  3. Pinus

  4. Ginkgo

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Angiosperms are the flowering plants. Their seeds develop inside a female reproductive part of the flower, called as the ovary, which usually ripens into a protective fruit. Gymnosperms do not have flowers or ovaries. Their seeds mature inside cones. Seeds may be carried away from the parent plant by wind, water, or animals. Mango is an angiosperm. Cycas, Ginkgo and Pinus are gymnosperms. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

The plants whose seeds have two cotyledons are called as

  1. Monocots

  2. Dicots

  3. Biennials

  4. Annuals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Angiosperms are also called as flowering plants. They are classified based on characteristics that include cotyledon structure, pollen grains, as well as flower and vascular tissue arrangement. Basal angiosperms, classified separately, contain features found in both monocots and dicots, as they are believed to have originated before the separation of these two main groups. Monocots contain a single cotyledon and have veins that run parallel to the length of their leaves; their flowers are arranged in three to six-fold symmetry. Dicots have flowers arranged in whorls, two cotyledons, and a vein arrangement that forms networks within their leaves. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

What is true of angiosperms?

  1. Seeds are naked

  2. They have tracheids only

  3. They are not cryptogams

  4. They lack companion cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Angiosperms are flowering plants and are not cryptogams (which are non-flowering plants like algae, mosses, and ferns). They have seeds enclosed in fruits, possess vessel elements, and have companion cells.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Consider the following statements associated with the germination of an angiosperm us seed.
a. As the seed gets hydrated and germinates. Enzymatic activity is increased.
b. The respiration rate of the germinating seed increases along with the increased enzymatic activity.
c. The increase in the respiratory rate continues till senescence.
Of the statements.

  1. $1, 2$ and $3$ correct
  2. $1$ and $2$ are correct
  3. $2$ and $3$ are correct
  4. $1$ and $3$ are correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

All three statements are correct: hydration triggers enzymatic activity, which increases respiration, and this high metabolic rate persists until the seedling is established (senescence of the seed stage).

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Which of the following is an example of dicotyledon seed?

  1. Maize

  2. Mustard

  3. Banana

  4. Garlic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • The flowering plants (angiosperms) are divided into two groups, namely monocots and dicots. 
  • Monocots- Plants which have only one cotyledon in the seeds are called as monocots. For example, maize, banana, garlic, etc.
  • Dicots- Plants that have two cotyledons in their seeds are called as dicots. For example, mustard, beans, legumes, apples, etc.
Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Cotyledons are also called as______________

  1. Seed fruit

  2. Seed stem

  3. Seed leaves

  4. Seed
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cotyledons are actually part of the seed. 
  • They are the first part of the plant to emerge and they look like little green leaves (hence, "seed leaves"). 
  • The cotyledons store food reserves for the growing seedling. The plant relies on this stored food for early growth. 
  • The cotyledons also can photosynthesize, which supplies extra energy until the first true leaves emerge.
Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Which among the following is the correct definition of monocots?

  1. Plants having single cotyledons in the seed

  2. Plants having two cotyledons in the seed

  3. Plants having three cotyledons in the seed

  4. Plant without seeds
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The angiosperms are divided into two groups on the basis of the number of cotyledons present in the seed. 
  • The plants with seeds having single cotyledons are known as monocots. The plants with seeds having two cotyledons are known as dicots.
Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Angiosperms have____________

  1. Naked seeds

  2. Enclosed seeds

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Subkingdom phanerogams include two divisions, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Gymnosperms have naked seed whereas angiosperms have seeds enclosed within a fruit. 
Multiple choice evs seed becomes plant other modes of vegetative propagation the journey of seeds introduction to reproduction

Why seed dispersal is important?

  1. Survival of plant

  2. Introduction of plant

  3. Adaptation of plant

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Dispersal of seed is important as if seeds germinate near to parent plants it will increase a lot of competition for air, water, and food as well. 
  • If competition increases it will lead to the death of the species and dispersal also leads to exposure to a new environment that helps in adaptation and evolution.

So, the correct option is 'Survival of plant'.

Multiple choice evs seed becomes plant other modes of vegetative propagation the journey of seeds introduction to reproduction

Seeds tarvel with water is filled with

  1. Water

  2. Air

  3. Protein

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Seeds that travel in water is modified certain mechanism that make them light and filled with air so that they are able to travel a long distance and reach to places that are far from the parents. Its best example is the modification of mesocarp of coconut that helps it in hydrochory and able it to float a long distance.

So, the correct option is 'Air'

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

Parachute type of mechanism of seed dispersal is found in

  1. Pea/ Leguminosae

  2. Mustard/ Cruciferae

  3. Cotton/ Malvaceae

  4. Taraxacum/ Compositae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Parachute mechanism of fruit and seed dispersal is due to a structure called pappus. 
  • Pappus is the Calyx. Pappus or fruit and seed dispersal mechanism is a modification process and this process is known as Calyx. Calyxes are the protective shield of the flower and they can protect the reproduction system of the flower. They help the flower to produce seeds. 
  • Parachute mechanism is characteristic of family Compositae.
  • Hence Parachute type of mechanism of seed dispersal is found in Taraxacum/ Compositae.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Taraxacum/ Compositae'.
Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

Dispersal of seed in Opium or poppy or argemone occurs by

  1. Explosive mechanism

  2. Parachute mechanism

  3. Censer mechanism

  4. aculatormechanism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Opium (Papaver somniferum) or argemone seeds are dispersed by the censer mechanism. The capsule has pores near the top through which seeds are shaken out when the plant sways in wind. The censer mechanism is named after its resemblance to a religious incense burner. Explosive mechanism is seen in balsam, parachute mechanism in composites, and cactus mechanism in cacti.