Biology · Environmental Studies

Plant Reproduction and Germination

835 Questions

Plant reproduction and germination involve seed structure, cotyledon function, and dispersal mechanisms. These core botany concepts frequently appear in general science sections. Practice these questions to ensure better retention.

Seed germination typesSeed dispersal mechanismsCotyledons and albuminous seedsCryptogamic plantsPhanerogams reproduction

Plant Reproduction and Germination Questions

Multiple choice zoology plant reproduction different modes of reproduction sexual and asexual reproduction lifespan, reproduction and variation

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
In an experiment, oat (Avena sativa) seedlings were grown under the same conditions of temperature, moisture and light. Their tips were removed and divided into four groups. Each group was given different treatments and the growth was measured carefully after keeping them in dark for 16 Firs. Which of the following groups had the most growth?

  1. In Group I, the tip was put back on each seedling

  2. In Group II, a block of agar gel containing juice of 10 tips was placed on top of each seedling

  3. In Group III, nothing was placed on top of each seedling

  4. In Group IV, a drop of water was placed on top of each seedling
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

When the tip of the seedlings was covered with agar gel and is placed on seedling, The hormones which were later found to be auxins move from base to the apex. Thus the growth of the seedling was in the direction of more concentration of agar. As they were kept in dark, there was no light for growth so the seedlings have taken agar gel as the source of growth. While in those seedlings whose tips were again placed back on seedling or drop of water was placed on top of each seedling, growth does not occur as there is no medium for growth.

So, the correct option is 'In Group II, a block of agar gel containing juice of 10 tips was placed on top of each seedling'.

Multiple choice properties of enzyme enzyme properties enzymes biomolecules: chemical constituents of living cells biology

Enzyme action comes to a stop when hydration decreases in maturing seeds to

  1. $50 - 60$%
  2. $30 - 45$%
  3. $25 - 30$%
  4. $10 - 20$%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

As seeds mature, they undergo dehydration. Enzyme activity is significantly reduced or stopped when the moisture content drops to a very low level, typically around 10-20 percent, to induce dormancy.

Multiple choice evs weather, climate and adaptations of animals to climate weather, climate and adaptation of animals to different climates climate and weather atmosphere and its components

To some extent viability of pollen grains depends on prevailing temperature and humidity.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The period for which pollen grains remain viable is highly variable and to some extent depends on the prevailing temperature and humidity. 
  • The pistil is developed and ovules reach maturity before the pollen grains are ripe. Hybrid seed production as soon as tomato hybrid cultivars gained popularity, ordinary conditions of storage pollen viability can hardly be retained.
Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue defense mechanism in plants epidermal tissue system kinds of plant tissue permanent tissues and their types

Bulliform cells are found in

  1. Seeds of sunflower

  2. Leaf of wheat

  3. Pod of pea

  4. Tuber of potato
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Bulliform cells are the special cells known for its peculiar bubble like shape. It is found in the higher plants. The turgor pressure created due to the water present in the cells is lost during stress like transpiration or infection which allows the leaf to roll up. Once adequate water is available, these cells enlarge and the leaves open again. So, bulliform cells are found in the leaf of wheat (grasses) and not in seeds of sunflower, a pod of pea and tuber of potato. Thus, option B is correct.

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

In pea, castor and maize ,the number of cotyledons are:

  1. $2,2$ and $1$ respectively
  2. $1,2$ and $2$ respectively
  3. $2,1$ and $2$ respectively
  4. $1,2$ and $1$ respectively
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pea and castor are dicots (2 cotyledons), while maize is a monocot (1 cotyledon). Thus, the sequence is 2, 2, and 1.

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

Seed coat not thin, membranous in 

  1. Coconut

  2. Groundnut

  3. Gram

  4. Maize
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Seed coat is not thin in coconut. The fruit is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part-exocarp or skin and mesocarp or flesh surrounds a shell of hardened endocarp with a seed inside. These fruits usually develop from a single carpel and mostly from flowers with superior ovaries. The definitive characteristic of a drupe is that the hard, lignified stone is derived from the ovary wall of the flower. The coconut is  a drupe, but the mesocarp is fibrous or dry, so this type of fruit is classified as a simple dry fruit, fibrous drupe. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

A characteristic of castor seed is the presence of caruncle which develops from

  1. Peduncle

  2. Integument

  3. Micropyle

  4. Third integument
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The seed is endospermic in Ricinus. A characteristic of castor seed is the presenee of caruncle which develops from peduncle. The fruit is a spiny, greenish capsule containing large, oval, shiny, bean-like, highly poisonous seeds with variable brownish mottling.
A capsule is a type of simple, dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. A capsule is a structure composed of two or more carpels. Castor seeds have a warty appendage called as the caruncle, which is a type of elaiosome. The seeds are endospermic or albuminous where the embryo is embedded in the endosperm and nucellus, which the seedling will use upon germination. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

The part of a seed which grows and develops into shoot on germination is

  1. Radicle

  2. Plumule

  3. Cotyledon

  4. Ovule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Radicle is the first part of a seedling to emerge from the seed during the process of germination. The radicle is the embryonic root of the plant and grows downward in the soil.
Plumule is the young shoot of  a plant embryo above the cotyledons, consisiting of the epicotyl and often of immature leaves.
Cotyledon is the significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant. Upon germination, the cotyledon may become the embryonic first leaves of a seedling.
Ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains female reproductive cells.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B), 'Plumule'.

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

Orchid seeds are

  1. Large and sticky

  2. Small and hairy

  3. Small and light

  4. Large and heavy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Orchid seeds are small, light and contain little food reserves. A single seed capsule may contain1,500 to 3,000,000 seeds. Orchid seeds are small, dry, dusty and weighing as little as 0.004 mg.
So, the correct answer is 'small and light'

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

Non-essential for seed germination is

  1. Light

  2. Water

  3. Air

  4. Temperature
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Seeds germinate in the presence of warmth, moisture and air. No light is needed for germination. Seeds generally contain starch as food supply. So, light is not needed for food production also during germination.

So, the correct answer is 'Light'

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

In which of the following, the seed germinates and still attached with the main plant?

  1. Mango

  2. Rhizophora

  3. Neem

  4. Coconut
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Viviparous plants produce seeds that germinate before they detach from the parent plant. In Rhizophora (mangroves), the seed germinates and develops into the seedling when it still attached to the parent plant
So, the correct answer is 'Rhizophora'

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

The scutellum observed in a gram of wheat or maize is comparable to which part of the seed in other monocotyledons?

  1. Plumule

  2. Cotyledon

  3. Endosperm

  4. Aleurone layer
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In monocot seeds like wheat or maize, the scutellum is a modified cotyledon that serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm for the developing embryo.