Biology · Environmental Studies

Plant Reproduction and Germination

835 Questions

Plant reproduction and germination involve seed structure, cotyledon function, and dispersal mechanisms. These core botany concepts frequently appear in general science sections. Practice these questions to ensure better retention.

Seed germination typesSeed dispersal mechanismsCotyledons and albuminous seedsCryptogamic plantsPhanerogams reproduction

Plant Reproduction and Germination Questions

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

At the time of germination, cotyledon and endosperm do not come out of the soil. This type of germination is called as

  1. Hypogeal germination

  2. Epigeal Germination

  3. Monoecious germination

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The germination process which takes place below the ground and the cotyledon and endosperm do not come out of the soil is called as Hypogeal germination.

So the correct option is 'Hypogeal germination.'

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

Germination in which cotyledons come above the surface of soil is known as 

  1. Epigeal

  2. Hypogeal

  3. Parthenocarpic

  4. Dioceous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In many dicotyledons like beans, castor, and some monocotyledons, the cotyledon is pushed above the soil by rapid elongation of the hypocotyl and they function as photosynthetic organs till the establishment of the seedling. This kind of germination is known as epigeal germination. 

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

Mangrove plants show vivipary. This is

  1. Germination of seeds with in fruits while still attached to parent plant

  2. Germination of seeds in fruits on the soil

  3. Germination of seeds within fruit on sterile artificial culture medium

  4. Germination of seeds only after dispersal of fruits
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The mangroves grow as a group of shrubs along the tidal coasts of mudflats, with specially evolved viviparous (bringing forth live young)  seed development just like mammals. In mangroves, Abscisic acid(ABA) a plant hormone plays a significant role in viviparous germination of seeds. 

The plant hormone leads to transduction followed by the MAPK signaling pathway. 
Vivipary is a condition whereby the embryo(the young plant within the seed) grows first to break through the seed coat out of the fruit while still attached to the parent plant.

 So, the correct answer is 'Germination of seeds within fruits while still attached to the parent plant'

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

Vivipary is

  1. Seed germination with subterranean cotyledons.

  2. Seed germination with epiterranenan cotyledons.

  3. Fruit development without pollination.

  4. Seed germination inside the fruit while attached to the plant.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vivipary is the phenomenon where the seed germinates while still attached to the parent plant, which is a common adaptation in mangrove species.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

Germination is hypogeal in

  1. Cotton

  2. Pea

  3. Castor

  4. Bean
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Epigeal germination: In this type of germination, the hypocotyl elongates rapidly and arches upwards pulling the cotyledons which move above the soil. Bean, cotton, papaya, gourd, castor and onion have germination of this kind.

Hypogeal germination: In this type of germination, the epicotyl elongates and the cotyledons remain below the soil. Pea, mango, maize, rice, gram and groundnut have germination of this kind. So, the correct answer is 'Pea'.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

Germination is epigeal in

  1. <p>Zea mays</p>

  2. <p>Helianthus</p>

  3. <p>Mangifera</p>

  4. <p>Pisum</p>
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Epigeal germination: In this type of germination, the hypocotyl elongates rapidly and arches upwards pulling the cotyledons which move above the soil. Bean, cotton, papaya, gourd, castor and onion have germination of this kind.

Hypogeal germination: In this type of germination, the epicotyl elongates and the cotyledons remain below the soil. Pea, mango, maize, rice, gram and groundnut have germination of this kind.

A. Zea mays (Maize) - hypogeal germination.

B. Helianthus (Sunflower) - epigeal germination.

C. Mangifera (Mango)- hypogeal germination.

D. Pisum (Pea)- hypogeal germination.

So, the correct answer is 'Helianthus'.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

An albuminous seed showing hypogeal germination is

  1. Castor

  2. Bean

  3. Gram

  4. Maize
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Epigeal germination: In this type of germination, the hypocotyl elongates rapidly and arches upwards pulling the cotyledons which move above the soil. Bean, cotton, papaya, gourd, castor and onion have germination of this kind.

Hypogeal germination: In this type of germination, the epicotyl elongates and the cotyledons remain below the soil. Pea, mango, maize, rice, gram and groundnut have germination of this kind.

A. Castor- Albuminous seed shows epigeal germination.
B. Bean- Exalbuminous seed shows epigeal germination.
C. Gram- Exalbuminous seed shows hypogeal germination.
D. Maize- Albuminous seed shows hypogeal germination.
So, the correct answer is 'Maize'.
Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

Epigeal germination occurs in

  1. Pea

  2. Gram

  3. Castor

  4. Maize
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Epigeal germination: In this type of germination, the hypocotyl elongates rapidly and arches upwards pulling the cotyledons which move above the soil. Bean, cotton, papaya, gourd, castor and onion have germination of this kind.

Hypogeal Germination: In this type of germination, the epicotyl elongates and the cotyledons remain below the soil. Pea, mango, maize, rice, gram and groundnut have germination of this kind. So, the correct answer is 'Castor'.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

In some halophytes, seeds germinate within fruits while attached to parent plant. The phenomenon is

  1. Vivipary

  2. Monocrapic

  3. Vernalisation

  4. Seismonasty

  5. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A. Vivipary :  In plants, vivipary (precocious or premature germination) involves the germination of seeds while still on the parent plant. It is a widespread phenomenon in plants characterized by the lack of seed dormancy. 

C. Monocarpic- flowering only once.

D. Vernalisation- The cooling of seed during germination in order to accelerate flowering when it is planted.

E. Seismonasty is the nastic response of a plant or fungus to touch or vibration.

So, the correct answer is 'Vivipary'.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

Terminator gene

  1. Helps in terminating flowering

  2. Helps in terminating seed germination

  3. Used in hybridisation

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Terminator genes are genetic modifications designed to prevent seeds from germinating in subsequent generations, effectively forcing farmers to buy new seeds.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

In hypogeal germination, plumule comes out of ground due to elongation of

  1. Hypocotyl

  2. Epicotyl

  3. Cotyledons

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In this type of germination, the epicotyl elongates and the cotyledons remain below the soil. Pea, mango, maize, rice, gram and groundnut have germination of this kind. So, the correct answer is 'Epicotyl'.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

Which of the following comes first out of the soil in the bean seed?

  1. Hypocotyl

  2. Radicle

  3. Leaf foliage

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The hypocotyl elongates rapidly and arches upwards pulling the cotyledons which move above the soil. Bean, cotton, papaya, gourd, castor and onion have germination of this kind.
So the correct option is 'Hypocotyl'.