Biology · Environmental Studies

Plant Reproduction and Germination

835 Questions

Plant reproduction and germination involve seed structure, cotyledon function, and dispersal mechanisms. These core botany concepts frequently appear in general science sections. Practice these questions to ensure better retention.

Seed germination typesSeed dispersal mechanismsCotyledons and albuminous seedsCryptogamic plantsPhanerogams reproduction

Plant Reproduction and Germination Questions

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

The term 'totipotency' refers to the capacity of a 

  1. cell to generate whole plant

  2. bud to generate whole plant

  3. seed to germinate

  4. cell to enlarge in size
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The capacity to generate a whole new plant from any cell is called totipotency. That whole plant could be regenerated from explants ( any part of plant that taken out and grown under sterile conditions in a special nutritive media). 

So, the correct option is 'Option A' .

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Seed coat is formed by

  1. Integument

  2. Nucellus

  3. Fruit wall

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Integument is an envelope of one or more layers, each of two or more cell layers, covering the ovule, leaving only a pore, the micropyle, through which the pollen tube can enter. It may develop into the testa or seed coat. Seed coat is the outer protective covering of a seed.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

The monocotyledonous seed consists of one large and shield shaped cotyledon known as

  1. Aleurone layer

  2. Scutellum

  3. Coleoptile

  4. Hilum

  5. Coleorhiza
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The scutellum is referred to the eqivalence of a thin cotyledon in monocots. It is very thin with high surface area, and serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm during germination.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Study of seeds is a part of

  1. Pomology

  2. Morphology

  3. Vegetative morphology

  4. Reproductive morphology
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Study of seed is part of reproductive morphology because during study of seed, we observe the processes occuring after the sexual reproduction of plants and its growing into a plant. 
 The correct option is 'Reproductive morphology'.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Seed of black pepper is

  1. Endospermic

  2. Exalbuminous

  3. Acotyledonous

  4. Perispermic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A. Endospermic seed- Reserve food material present in endosperm.

B. Exalbuminous- Reserve food material present in cotyledons.
C. Acotyledonous- Seed which lack cotyledons, e.g. Orchids.
D. Perispermic- Seed which contain perisperm are perispermic seed,it occur in the seeds of black pepper, coffee, castor, cardamum, nymphaea.
So, the correct answer is 'Perispermic'.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

In Pea, wrinkling of seeds is due to nonformation of starch because of the absence of enzyme

  1. Amylase

  2. Invertase

  3. Branching enzyme

  4. Diastase.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In pea, the gene which controls starch synthesis also controls the shape of the seed.

In the pea plant with wrinkled seeds, this gene is not involved in the synthesis of starch due to the absence of enzyme starch synthase. It is a branched enzyme.

So, the correct option is ‘Branching enzyme’.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

A seed contains

  1. A seed coat

  2. An embryo

  3. Stored food

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering. Seeds are the product of the ripened ovule, after fertilization by pollen and some growth within the mother plant. The embryo is developed from the zygote and the seed coat from the integuments of the ovule. Seed has endosperm that stores food to provide nutrition to the embryo. The formation of the seed is part of the process of reproduction in seed plants

So, the correct answer is 'all of these'

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Active form of phytochrome for seed germination is

  1. P$ _{r}$-form
  2. P$ _{fr}$-form

  3. Both of A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The main photoreceptor for photoperiodism and many other light-initiated plant responses is phytochrome, a family of about five blue-green pigment proteins, each of which is coded for by a different gene. Phytochrome is involved in the light requirement that some seeds have for germination. Seeds with a light requirement must be exposed to light containing red wavelengths. Exposure to red light converts $P _r$ to $P _{fr}$ and germination occurs. When $P _{fr}$ absorbs far-red light it is converted back to $P _r$. Hence, red light makes $P _{fr}$, far-red light makes $P _r$. In plants at least $P _{fr}$ is the physiologically active or "signalling" state.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
.After fertilization the seed coats develop from

  1. integuments

  2. chalaza

  3. nucellus

  4. embryo sac
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

 Seeds are the product of the ripened ovule, after fertilization by pollen and some growth within the mother plant. The embryo is developed from the zygote and the seed coat from the integuments of the ovule. 

So, the correct option is, 'integuments'.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Which of the following structures is unique to the seed of a monocot?

  1. Coleoptiles

  2. Radicle

  3. Seed coat

  4. Endosperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A monocotyledonous seed is the one which has a thick seed coat. Inside the seed coat are the endosperm and the embryo. Endosperm is the nourishing tissue which provides food for the growing embryo. In monocots, single cotyledon present is called as scutellum which absorbs nourishment from the endosperm and transfers to the growing embryo. The embryo has two structures namely, radicle and plumule. Radicle, the future root is protected by a sheath called as coleorhiza and plumule, the future shoot is protected by a sheath called as coleoptile. 
So the correct option is 'coleoptiles'.
Multiple choice evs - i rules are for everyone sustainability of natural resources adaptations - mangrove swamps, fast flowing rivers and treetops halophiles

In a gene bank, genetic material is stored in the form of the

  1. Seeds

  2. Vegetative materials

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Gene banks are a type of biorepository, which preserve genetic material. For plants, this could be by freezing cuttings from the plant or stocking the seeds (e.g., in a seedbank). 

For animals, this is the freezing of sperm and eggs in zoological freezers until further need. With corals, fragments are taken which are stored in water tanks under controlled conditions. 

Multiple choice biology movement and locomotion in living organisms movements in plants coordination in plants tropic and nastic movements in plants

Hydrotropism have seen in

  1. Flowers

  2. Seedlings

  3. Stem

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A tropism is a plants growth response to an external stimulus. If resulting plant growth is toward the stimulus, it is called as a positive tropism. If the resulting plant growth is away from the stimulus, it is called as a negative tropism. There are several different types of tropisms, including phototropism, gravitropism, and thigmotropism. 

Hydrotropism is movement towards water. It is a positive tropic movement. Seedlings show hydrotropism.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo agents of pollination environmental conservation and biodiversity pollination and fertilization

Some seeds are dispersed by animals ,especially spiny seeds with hooks which get attached to the bodies of animals and are carried to  distant places. Examples is/are -

  1. Xanthium and urena

  2. Xanthium

  3. urena

  4. Cocount
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The seeds of the fruits get dispersed by different methods. Xanthium and Urena are the plants in which the fruits produces seeds having structures like spines or hooks. These structures are used for clinging the seeds on the body of the animals and get carried away with them and get dispersed.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.