Biology · Environmental Studies

Plant Reproduction and Germination

892 Questions

Plant reproduction and germination involve seed structure, cotyledon function, and dispersal mechanisms. These core botany concepts frequently appear in general science sections. Practice these questions to ensure better retention.

Seed germination typesSeed dispersal mechanismsCotyledons and albuminous seedsCryptogamic plantsPhanerogams reproduction

Plant Reproduction and Germination Questions

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae uses of bryophytes introduction to bryophytes cryptogams

Funaria requires water because ___________________.

  1. Fertilisation occurs in water only

  2. Funaria is a hydrophyte

  3. Plants need water for gametogenesis

  4. Gametangia cannot develop without water
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Fertilisation of Funaria occurs in water. The antherozoids are released into the water where they swim and reach archegonium, An antherozoid fuses with the egg to produce the zygote. thus, an external layer of water is essential for the swimming of male gametes to the archegonia.

So the correct option is A.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae uses of bryophytes introduction to bryophytes cryptogams

In which of the following groups would you place a plant which produces spores and embryos but lacks seeds and vascular tissues?

  1. Fungi

  2. Pteridophytes

  3. Bryophytes

  4. Gymnosperms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
1. The Plant body is a gametophyte. They grow in areas which arc in between the aquatic and terrestrial habitats i.e. amphibious zone and hence known as amphibious plants.
2. They have thalloid or leafy multi cellular green plant body.
3. The smallest form is microscopic (e.g. Zoopsis). The largest genus recorded so far is an Australian Dawsonia which is about 70 cms in length.
4. The dominant plant body is gametophyte (n) which is independent.
5. The plant body lacks true roots, stem or leaves.
6. Rhizoids - (root like structure) serve the function of roots.
7. The plants are green and possess chloroplasts.
8. They show autotrophic mode of nutrition.
9. Vascular tissues are completely absent.
10. Sexual reproduction is oogamous.
11. Sex organs are multi cellular and jacketed.
12. Male reproductive organ is known as antheridium. It is a club shaped structure being borne by a narrow stalk. It produces biflagellate and motile male gametes or antherozoids.
14. The female sex organ is known as archegonium. It is a flask shaped structure having a swollen base and a narrow neck.
15. Water is essential for fertilization.
16. The diploid zygote undergoes repeated divisions to form a multi cellular sporophyte.
17. Sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition.
18. Sporophyte generally consists of foot, seta and capsule. It produces haploid spores (homospores).
19. Spores on germination give rise to gametophyte plant.
20. Gametophyte and sporophyte differ in form which alternate with each other, thus heterologous alternation of generation is seen in Bryophytes.
Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae uses of bryophytes introduction to bryophytes cryptogams

Bryophytes are dependent on water because

  1. Archegonium has to remain filled with water for fertilization.

  2. Water is essential for fertilization for homosporous nature.

  3. Water is essential for vegetative propagation.

  4. The sperms can easily reach up to the egg in the archegonium.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bryophytes require water to reproduce. The male gametes (sperm) require water to reach the female gamete. The fact that they are non-vascular plant only accounts for their small size and not why they are dependent on water.

Multiple choice biology animal behaviour ethology natural selection coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

When the sperms of Funaria and Pteris are put together
near the archegonia of Pteris, only the sperms of Pteris
readily enter the archegonia and reach the egg. The reason
being that

  1. Sperms of Funaria are killed when mixed with sperms

    of Pteris

  2. Archegonia of Pteris secrete a substance with repels

    sperms of Funaria

  3. Archegonia of Pteris secrete a chemical substance which

    attracts sperms of Pteris thermostatically

  4. Sperms of Funaria are less motile
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Because archegonia of pteris secrete a chemical malic acid which attracts only sperms of Pter!s thermostatically.

Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life nucleus organelles in cell membranous and non-membranous organells

Choose the number of diploid structures in the list given.
Pollen grains, nucellus, perisperm, endosperm, embryosac, megaspore

  1. Two

  2. Three

  3. Four

  4. One
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Diploid (2n) structures in the list: Nucellus and Perisperm. Pollen grains (n), Endosperm (3n), Embryosac (n), and Megaspore (n) are not diploid. Thus, there are two.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Seed coat is formed by

  1. Integument

  2. Nucellus

  3. Fruit wall

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Integument is an envelope of one or more layers, each of two or more cell layers, covering the ovule, leaving only a pore, the micropyle, through which the pollen tube can enter. It may develop into the testa or seed coat. Seed coat is the outer protective covering of a seed.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

The monocotyledonous seed consists of one large and shield shaped cotyledon known as

  1. Aleurone layer

  2. Scutellum

  3. Coleoptile

  4. Hilum

  5. Coleorhiza
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The scutellum is referred to the eqivalence of a thin cotyledon in monocots. It is very thin with high surface area, and serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm during germination.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Study of seeds is a part of

  1. Pomology

  2. Morphology

  3. Vegetative morphology

  4. Reproductive morphology
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Study of seed is part of reproductive morphology because during study of seed, we observe the processes occuring after the sexual reproduction of plants and its growing into a plant. 
 The correct option is 'Reproductive morphology'.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Seed of black pepper is

  1. Endospermic

  2. Exalbuminous

  3. Acotyledonous

  4. Perispermic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A. Endospermic seed- Reserve food material present in endosperm.

B. Exalbuminous- Reserve food material present in cotyledons.
C. Acotyledonous- Seed which lack cotyledons, e.g. Orchids.
D. Perispermic- Seed which contain perisperm are perispermic seed,it occur in the seeds of black pepper, coffee, castor, cardamum, nymphaea.
So, the correct answer is 'Perispermic'.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

In Pea, wrinkling of seeds is due to nonformation of starch because of the absence of enzyme

  1. Amylase

  2. Invertase

  3. Branching enzyme

  4. Diastase.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In pea, the gene which controls starch synthesis also controls the shape of the seed.

In the pea plant with wrinkled seeds, this gene is not involved in the synthesis of starch due to the absence of enzyme starch synthase. It is a branched enzyme.

So, the correct option is ‘Branching enzyme’.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

A seed contains

  1. A seed coat

  2. An embryo

  3. Stored food

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering. Seeds are the product of the ripened ovule, after fertilization by pollen and some growth within the mother plant. The embryo is developed from the zygote and the seed coat from the integuments of the ovule. Seed has endosperm that stores food to provide nutrition to the embryo. The formation of the seed is part of the process of reproduction in seed plants

So, the correct answer is 'all of these'

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Active form of phytochrome for seed germination is

  1. P$ _{r}$-form
  2. P$ _{fr}$-form

  3. Both of A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The main photoreceptor for photoperiodism and many other light-initiated plant responses is phytochrome, a family of about five blue-green pigment proteins, each of which is coded for by a different gene. Phytochrome is involved in the light requirement that some seeds have for germination. Seeds with a light requirement must be exposed to light containing red wavelengths. Exposure to red light converts $P _r$ to $P _{fr}$ and germination occurs. When $P _{fr}$ absorbs far-red light it is converted back to $P _r$. Hence, red light makes $P _{fr}$, far-red light makes $P _r$. In plants at least $P _{fr}$ is the physiologically active or "signalling" state.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
.After fertilization the seed coats develop from

  1. integuments

  2. chalaza

  3. nucellus

  4. embryo sac
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

 Seeds are the product of the ripened ovule, after fertilization by pollen and some growth within the mother plant. The embryo is developed from the zygote and the seed coat from the integuments of the ovule. 

So, the correct option is, 'integuments'.