Biology · Environmental Studies

Plant Reproduction and Germination

835 Questions

Plant reproduction and germination involve seed structure, cotyledon function, and dispersal mechanisms. These core botany concepts frequently appear in general science sections. Practice these questions to ensure better retention.

Seed germination typesSeed dispersal mechanismsCotyledons and albuminous seedsCryptogamic plantsPhanerogams reproduction

Plant Reproduction and Germination Questions

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Selaginella has a tendency to form seed, called seed habit, because it follows 

  1. Retention of megaspore permanently inside the megasporangium

  2. Heterospory

  3. Both above characters

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Selaginella is a genus of primitive vascular plants in the family Selaginellaceae. Selaginella has a tendency to form seed because the retention and germination of single megaspore within megasporangium to form a female gametophyte led to the phenomenon of seed habit, a characteristic feature of spermatophytes.

So, the correct answer is 'Retention of megaspore permanently inside the megasporangium'.

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Rudimentary seed habit is found in

  1. Selaginella

  2. Lycopodium

  3. Equisetum

  4. Adiantum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Rudimentary seed habit means plants are reproducing sexually by seed but it is not fully developed. For e.g. in Selaginella female gametophytes are retained on the parent sporophytes for different periods. Within the female gametophytes, the development of the zygote into young embryos takes place. This event is a very important step in evolution as a precursor to seed habit. 

So the correct option is 'Selaginella'.

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Rudimentary seed habit occurs in

  1. Lycopodium

  2. Selaginella

  3. Psilotum

  4. Equisetum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Selaginella is considered to show a rudimentary seed habit because the megaspore is retained within the megasporangium and the female gametophyte develops while still attached to the parent plant.

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Evolution of seed habit first started in

  1. Selaginella like ancestral pteridophytes

  2. Psilotum like ancestral pteridophytes

  3. Gymnosperms

  4. Mosses
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In majority of the pteridophytes, all the spores are of similar kinds, such plants are called as homosporous. Genera like Selaginella and Salvinia which produce two kinds of spores, macro (large) and micro (small) spores, are known as heterosporous. The megaspores and microspores germinate and give rise to female and male gametophytes, respectively. The female, gametophytes in these plants are retained on the parent sporophytes for variable periods. The development of the zygotes into young embryos take place within the female gametophytes. This event is a precursor to the seed habit considered an important step in evolution.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

If seed is defined as a modified ovule as a result of fertilization, one may expect to find such seed in

  1. All vascular plants

  2. Angiosperm only

  3. Gymnosperm only

  4. Phanerogams
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The phanerogams are the plants which can produce seeds. These are the plants which possess ovule where the fertilisation of male and female gametes takes place to form the zygote. The ovule is transformed into the seed after fertilisation. So, the seeds can be observed in the phanerogams. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Gymnosperms are referred to as "naked seeded plants", because 

  1. They lack ovule

  2. They lack ovaries

  3. They have no seed coat

  4. The embryo is unprotected
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Gymnosperms are those seed plants in which the seeds remain exposed over the surface of the megasporophylls because the latter are not folded to form pistils and thus lack ovary. Flowers are absent and thus fruits are not formed.

So, the correct answer is 'They lack ovaries'.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Gymnosperms do not bear fruits because they do not have

  1. Seeds

  2. Ovary

  3. Ovule

  4. Pollination
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Gymnosperms, example. Cycas, Pinus, Cedrus etc, bear reproductive structures in the form of cones. The cones that bear female reproductive structures are called female cones. Each female cone contains spirally arranged megasporophylls, that have ovules directly attached to them,  that is,ovules not enclosed in the ovary or are naked. After fertilization the ovule forms the seed and the ovary forms the fruit. Since, in gymnosperms ovary is  absent fruits are not formed.

So, the correct answer is 'Ovary'

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Plants which posseses seeds but not fruits are ___________.

  1. bryophytes

  2. pteridophytes

  3. gymnosperms

  4. algae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Gymnosperms are those seed plants in which the seeds remain exposed over the surface of the megasporophylls because the latter is not folded to form pistils and thus lack ovary. Flowers are absent and thus fruits are not formed.

So the correct option is C.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Gymnosperms are naked seeded plants, because

  1. There is no ovule.

  2. There is no fruit.

  3. There is no ovary and fruit.

  4. There is no fertilization.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The derivation of the word "gymnosperm" means naked seeds and is from the Greek words 'gymno' meaning naked or bare and 'sperm' meaning seed. 

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Gymnosperms are naked seeded plants because

  1. There is no fruit

  2. There is no ovule

  3. There is no fertilization

  4. There is no ovary and fruit.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gymnosperms are called 'naked-seeded' because their ovules are not enclosed within an ovary wall, and therefore they do not form fruits after fertilization.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Select the correct pair in which one produces seeds, whereas the other does not.

  1. Cyanobacteria and algae

  2. Algae and fungi

  3. Mosses and ferns

  4. Ferns and gymnosperms

  5. Gymnosperms and angiosperms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Phanerogams, also known as spermatophytes, refer to "all seed plants". Gymnosperms are the seed bearing plants wherein seeds are naked i.e. not enclosed by ovary or fruit. Angiosperms are seed bearing plants wherein seeds are enclosed within ovary or fruit. Since both gymnosperms and angiosperms are seed-bearing plants and therefore are included under phanerogams. Pteridophytes (ferns) are categorized under cryptogams, not under phanerogams, as they do not form seed or flowers. Thus, the correct answer is option D.