Biology · Environmental Studies

Plant Reproduction and Germination

892 Questions

Plant reproduction and germination involve seed structure, cotyledon function, and dispersal mechanisms. These core botany concepts frequently appear in general science sections. Practice these questions to ensure better retention.

Seed germination typesSeed dispersal mechanismsCotyledons and albuminous seedsCryptogamic plantsPhanerogams reproduction

Plant Reproduction and Germination Questions

Multiple choice biology seed dispersal food material and source sources of food and food habits of animals forests: our lifeline

Scattering of seeds over a wide area is called ...........

  1. Pollination

  2. Fertilisation

  3. Dispersal

  4. Germination
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  1. Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of either same of a different flower of the same or different plant is pollination.
  2. The fusion of male and female gametes is known as fertilization.
  3. Scattering of seeds over a wide area by animals or other means is called dispersal.
  4. Growing of a new plant from seed under the favorable condition is known as germination.
So the correct option is "Dispersal".

Multiple choice biology respiration and energy transfer respiratory quotient-basic respiration-plants respiratory quotient

R.Q. of a germinating ground nut and castor seed is

  1. 1.

  2. < 1.

  3. > 1.

  4. 0.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The respiratory quotient depends upon the type of respiratory substrate used during respiration. When fats are used in respiration, the RQ is less than 1. Groundnut and  castor seeds are fats storing seeds, the stored fats are mobilised during their seed germination. Hence, the RQ value is less than one for germinating groundnut and castor seeds.

Multiple choice biology respiration and energy transfer respiratory quotient-basic respiration-plants respiratory quotient

In a germinating seed, when protein is aerobically oxidized, the R.Q. value will be

  1. Less than one

  2. More than one

  3. Zero

  4. One
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The respiratory quotient (RQ) is the ratio of 
RQ = CO$ _{2}$ eliminated / O$ _{2}$ consumed.
When carbohydrates are being oxidized in the organism and the requisite oxygen is available, the RQ is 1. In the oxidation of fats, the RQ is 0.7 and in the oxidation of proteins, 0.8. Whenever the substrate is protein, RQ is always less than one (0.5-0.9). So, in germinating seeds, when protein is aerobically oxidized, the R.Q value will be less than one. Thus, option A is correct and other options are incorrect.

Multiple choice evs seed becomes plant germination of seed seed germination journey of seed

A gas which assists in germination of pea seed is 

  1. Sulphur

  2. Oxygen

  3. Hydrogen

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Germination of seed require a lot of energy and the rate of respiration increases and need of oxygen also increases as the metabolic rate is very high at this time.

So the correct option is 'Oxygen'.

Multiple choice evs seed becomes plant germination of seed seed germination journey of seed

An albuminous seed which shows hypogeal germination is

  1. Castor

  2. Maize

  3. Gram

  4. Bean
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Hypogeal germination is the type of germination in which epicotyl which is the upper portion of the axis of the seedlings above the cotyledons elongates and cotyledons remain inside the soil. The examples are a pea, mango, maize, rice etc. In which maize has endosperm.
 So the correct option is 'Maize'.
Multiple choice evs seed becomes plant germination of seed seed germination journey of seed

Which of the following substances present in seed coats and cotyledons of seeds inhibit seed germination?

  1. Absicic acid

  2. Phenolic acid

  3. Ferulic acid

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or similar structure. 
  • The most common example of germination is the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an angiosperm or gymnosperm.substances present in seed coats and cotyledons of seeds inhibit seed germination are Abscisic acid, Phenolic acid and Ferulic acid. 
  • Abscisic acid (ABA) reversibly arrests embryo development at radicle, growth initiation, inhibiting the water uptake which accompanies embryo growth.
  • Hence,  substances present in seed coats and cotyledons of seeds inhibit seed germination is  Abscisic acid, Phenolic acid and Ferulic acid.
  • So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice evs seed becomes plant germination of seed seed germination journey of seed

Essential requirements of seed germination is ..........................

  1. Light and carbondioxide

  2. Water and oxygen

  3. Water and soil

  4. Microbes cold or hot treatment.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

At a basic level, seeds have three requirements to permit germination. These are:

  1. Water (during absorption and subsequent stages of growth).
  2. Oxygen (for respiration).
  3. Temperatures adequate for metabolism and growth.

Multiple choice evs seed becomes plant germination of seed seed germination journey of seed

Oxygen in the presence of enough moisture causes ____ to start. This creates ____ for the germination process.

  1. Respiration, energy

  2. Photosynthesis, energy

  3. development, growth

  4. photosynthesis, growth
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Oxygen is one of the factors that play an important role in the germination of seeds. Oxygen in the presence of enough moisture causes respiration to start. This creates energy for the germination process.

Multiple choice evs seed becomes plant germination of seed seed germination journey of seed

Which of the following is not an important condition needed for seeds to germinate?

  1. Temperature

  2. Water

  3. Light

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Germination may also be defined as protrusion of embryonic axis from the seed to resume growth. The external factors that affect seed germination are as follows:

(1) Temperature- The effect of temperature is primarily on the physiological processes going on within the seed during germination. Many seeds fail to germinate at lower temperature.
(2) Water- The first step in germination is the imbibition of water. It causes the seed to swell and facilitates bursting of the seed coat.

(3) Light- There are many seeds which respond to light for germination and these are said to be photoblastic. The quality of light also influences the rate of germination. 
Thus temperature, water, and light all are important conditions needed for seeds to germinate. Hence option D is the correct answer. 

Multiple choice evs seed becomes plant germination of seed seed germination journey of seed

Deeply sown seeds do not germinate and do not come up over due to the deficiency of ...................

  1. Nutrients

  2. Water

  3. Oxygen

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Soil is ploughed before seeds are sown. It is done to ensure the supply of oxygen in soil. Aerated soils can only support the growth of plants. Thus, if the seeds are sown deeply it will not germinate.

Multiple choice evs seed becomes plant germination of seed seed germination journey of seed

The most important external factor for seed germination is

  1. Light

  2. Soil

  3. Oxygen

  4. Water
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Water, air and suitable temperature are necessary for seed germination. Water is necesssary for germination because food is stored in the seeds in dry condition, but the developing embryo cannot utilize this dry food. Food can be utilized in liquid form only and seeds can utilize only dissolved oxygen. Excess water stops germination because once all the dissolved oxygen is utilised by the seed, further germination is not possible as the life supporting oxygen is now lacking. So, the correct answer is 'Water'.

Multiple choice evs seed becomes plant germination of seed seed germination journey of seed

Seeds of tomato do not germinate in its pullp due to

  1. Presence of ferulic acid

  2. Presence of excess salts

  3. Absence of oxygen

  4. Presence of ABA
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In general seeds within the fruit do not germinate due to germination inhibitory effects of fruit pulp except viviparous germination. Tomato seeds loose viability and germination percentage up to 50% within one year after fresh extraction. Ferulic acid is a growth inhibitor in tomato. So, the correct answer is 'Presence of ferulic seed'.

Multiple choice evs seed becomes plant germination of seed seed germination journey of seed

A seed which does not require oxygen for germination is

  1. Pea

  2. Rice

  3. Typha

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All seeds need water, oxygen, and proper temperature in order to germinate. Some seeds require proper light also. Some germinate better in full light while others require darkness to germinate. Rice seeds and typha seeds are able to germinate anaerobically by means of coleoptile elongation. Pea seeds require oxygen to germinate. So, the correct answer is ‘Both B and C’.