Modern Indian History

Raja Rammohan Roy was a pioneer of the western system of education in India. He founded institutions like the Hindu College in Calcutta and advocated for modern, scientific education combined with traditional Indian learning, making him a key figure in introducing Western educational principles to India.

Correct option is (3).

India became a Sovereign Democratic Republic on January 26, 1950, when the Constitution of India was adopted. This day is celebrated as Republic Day. August 15, 1947 was Independence Day, when India gained independence from British rule.

According to Mahatma Gandhi's educational philosophy, the teacher is responsible for the errors of pupils (Option B). Gandhi believed teachers bear primary responsibility for student learning outcomes because they guide the learning process. This reflects his view on the guru-shishya (teacher-student) relationship where accountability rests with the teacher. Options A, C, and D shift responsibility away from the teacher, which contradicts Gandhi's emphasis on the teacher's role.

Right- Tenth amendment of the constitution added Dadra and Nagar Haveli in the list of Union Territories.

Swami Vivekananda represented India at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago in 1893, where he delivered his famous speech beginning with 'Sisters and brothers of America.' This speech introduced Hindu philosophy to the Western world and established him as a key figure in the interfaith dialogue. Options A, C, and D were other prominent Hindu reformers but did not attend this specific event.

Lal Bahadur Shastri became Prime Minister of India on 9 June 1964 after the sudden death of Jawaharlal Nehru. He served as Prime Minister until his own death on 11 January 1966. Among the given options, 1964 is the correct year.

Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875 as a Hindu reform movement promoting Vedic principles and opposing idol worship. The other options represent different movements - Sanatan Dharam represents orthodox Hinduism, Ramakrishna Mission was founded by Swami Vivekananda, and Brahmo Samaj was started by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

The Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was founded in 1928 by revolutionaries including Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, and Sukhdev. It emerged from the Hindustan Republican Association after the Kakori train action (1925) and subsequent arrests.

Gandhi emphasized that teachers bear responsibility for their students' mistakes, reflecting his view on the teacher's role in shaping character and moral development through guidance and example.

The Sarvodaya Movement was started by Vinoba Bhave in 1951 after Gandhi's death. It emphasized the welfare of all (sarvodaya) and included the Bhoodan Movement (land-gift movement) where landlords voluntarily donated land to landless laborers. While Gandhi inspired the philosophy, Vinoba Bhave started and led this specific movement.

Jawaharlal Nehru delivered his famous 'Tryst with Destiny' speech on the midnight of August 14-15, 1947, marking India's independence. The speech is one of the most famous speeches in world history, declaring India's awakening to freedom.

The Red Shirts (Khudai Khidmatgar) movement was launched by Abdul Ghaffar Khan (also known as Frontier Gandhi) in the North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) during the Indian independence movement. The movement emphasized non-violent resistance against British rule and was named after the red shirts worn by its volunteers. The other leaders listed - Chandershekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, and M.K. Gandhi - were associated with different movements and did not lead the Red Shirts.

The Quit India Movement was launched by M.K. Gandhi in 1942.

Dinesh Goswami Committee (1990) was concerned with electoral reforms.