Modern Indian History

The Partition of Bengal (1905) occurred last among these events. The Permanent Settlement was implemented in 1793, the Subsidiary Alliance system was introduced by Wellesley starting 1798, and the Annexation Policy (Doctrine of Lapse) was pursued by Dalhousie between 1848-1856. The Partition of Bengal came later in 1905 during Curzon's Viceroyalty.

Mahatma Gandhi gave the 'Do or Die' slogan during the Quit India Movement in 1942. This powerful slogan called for complete and immediate independence from British rule.

Gandhiji launched his first nationwide satyagraha in 1919 against the Rowlatt Act, which allowed detention without trial and violated civil liberties. This marked the beginning of Gandhi's mass movement strategy. Champaran (1917) was his earlier satyagraha but was regional; the Simon Commission came later in 1928.

The Quit India Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi on August 8, 1942, demanding an end to British rule. It was a major movement during India's independence struggle. 1943 and 1944 are incorrect as the movement had already begun.

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890-1988), a Pashtun independence activist from the North-West Frontier Province, was called 'Frontier Gandhi' for his nonviolent philosophy and close association with Mahatma Gandhi. He founded the Khudai Khidmatgar (Servants of God) movement and advocated for Hindu-Muslim unity and nonviolent resistance against British rule.

Henry Vivian Derozio, a young Anglo-Indian teacher at Hindu College, led the Young Bengal Movement in the 1820s-1830s. He inspired radical thinking and questioned orthodox beliefs among his students before dying at age 22.

The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, initially found its primary support among the educated middle class including lawyers, teachers, and professionals. This group had the political awareness and English education to understand constitutional methods of protest. Peasants and workers joined later in the mass movements, while landlords and businessmen were often aligned with British interests initially.

Swami Dayanand Saraswati propounded the motto 'Go Back To The Vedas'. So, option 3 is correct.

The first railway line in India was opened on April 16, 1853, running from Bombay (now Mumbai) to Thane. This 34-kilometer line marked the beginning of railway transport in India and was built by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company. The railway network expanded rapidly after this inaugural run.

In 1911, during the Delhi Durbar, King George V announced that the capital of British India would be shifted from Calcutta to Delhi, and this was completed in 1931. Bengal was partitioned in 1905 (and reunited in 1911), the Non-Cooperation Movement was in 1920-22, and Gandhi did not preside over a Congress session until later.

The Muslim League first openly demanded a separate homeland for Indian Muslims at its Lahore session in March 1940, where the Lahore Resolution (later called the Pakistan Resolution) was passed. This historic session called for independent Muslim-majority states in northwestern and eastern India, which ultimately led to the creation of Pakistan in 1947.

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875 at Aligarh, which later became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920. He was a reformer who believed in modern Western education combined with Islamic teachings to uplift Muslims in British India. The other figures were important but not the university's founder.

The Ghadar Party was organized in 1913 in San Francisco, USA by Lala Hardayal, a revolutionary nationalist who sought to mobilize Indians abroad for armed rebellion against British rule. The party published 'The Ghadar' newspaper and planned for an armed revolt during WWI. Other options were prominent leaders but not associated with founding the Ghadar Party.

Mahatma Gandhi first practiced Satyagraha in India at Champaran in 1917, organizing indigo farmers against oppressive plantation systems. This marked his return to Indian politics after South Africa and established his method of nonviolent resistance. Chauri Chaura (1922) came later, while Navkhali (1946) was post-independence partition violence.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak wrote 'Bhagavadgita-Rahasya' (The Secret of the Bhagavad Gita) during his imprisonment in Mandalay, Burma from 1908 to 1914. This work presented his interpretation of the Gita as a call for political action and resistance against British rule, deeply influencing the Indian nationalist movement.