Modern Indian History

All the statements, except statement 2, are correct. It should be noted that after the war, the British Governor-General of India was now given the title of 'Viceroy of India', who was also the representative of the monarch. Besides, a minister of the British government, called the Secretary of State, was made responsible for the government of India.

Correct answer is (3). 

The Swaraj Party withdrew from legislatures in 1926 as part of their strategy changes following the death of Chittaranjan Das in 1925. The party had been participating in councils but decided to exit after realizing the limitations of working within the colonial legislative framework.

Correct answer is (1). 

Chittaranjan Das, the founder of the Swaraj Party and key leader of the Non-Cooperation Movement, died in 1925. His death significantly weakened the Swaraj Party as he was its unifying figure and main strategist. This led to internal divisions and eventually the party's withdrawal from legislatures the following year.

Motilal Nehru was accused by Hindu communalist groups of favoring cow slaughter and eating beef, which was used as propaganda against the Swarajists. These accusations were politically motivated to discredit the Swaraj Party and Hindu-Muslim unity efforts. Vallabhbhai Patel, C.R. Das, and Vithalbhai Patel were not targets of such specific allegations.

In the elections of 1926, the Swarajists bagged 40 out of total 104 seats. Though, they lost in a few areas, yet they were able to obstruct many government legislations and bills. For example, Public Safety Bill, 1928.

It did not participate in the elections due to Civil Disobedience Movement.

The Swaraj Party was officially formed on January 1, 1923, by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru after the Gaya session of the Congress. The party emerged as a response to the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement, with the strategy of contesting council elections and disrupting colonial governance from within. The other options (March, April, May 1923) are incorrect as the party was formed specifically in January 1923.

Gandhi initially remained non-committal toward the Swarajist approach of entering legislative councils. He had suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement and was open to different strategies, but he did not immediately endorse or reject the council entry idea. His position evolved over time based on the Swarajists' performance and ethical conduct. Options A and D are incorrect as Gandhi did not give immediate support or set timelines, while B misrepresents his nuanced stance.

The Harcourt Butler Committee (officially the Indian States Committee) was appointed in 1927 to enquire into the relationship between the British Government and the Princely States. This was necessitated by the growing demand for princely state representation and the need to clarify their constitutional status. Option A is incorrect as it was not related to the Simon Commission, Option C refers to a different context, and Option D is unrelated.

The Indigo Revolt (1859-1860) in Bengal was indeed one of the first major peasant uprisings after the 1857 revolt. Indigo planters forced peasants to cultivate indigo on unfair terms, leading to widespread rebellion. The other options either occurred earlier (Pagal Panthi movement in 1830s) or much later (Punjab Peasant's revolt in 20th century, Moplah uprisings had earlier outbreaks).

The revolt of 1857 began on May 10, 1857, in Meerut when Indian soldiers (sepoys) rebelled against their British officers, marched to Delhi, and declared Bahadur Shah Zafar as the Emperor of India. March and April 1857 were too early - the mutiny had not yet started, and June 1857 was after it had already begun and spread.

The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was founded in 1934 as a socialist caucus within the Indian National Congress [INC].

In Barendra Kumar Ghose v. Emperor, the Privy Council clearly distinguished between 'common intention' (Section 34 IPC) and 'similar intention'. Common intention requires a prior plan or meeting of minds, while similar intention means independent acts with similar intent. This case is the classic authority on this distinction, explaining the difference between joint liability under Section 34 and independent acts with similar intent.