Modern Indian History

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5, 1931. This agreement between Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin led to the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement and the participation of Congress representatives in the Round Table Conferences.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919 when British troops led by General Dyer fired on a peaceful gathering of unarmed Indians in Amritsar, killing hundreds. This incident marked a turning point in the freedom struggle and intensified nationalist sentiment.

 An autonomous Dalit leadership in India has always been perceived as synonymous to the leadership of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Though, it is a well-known fact that Dr. Ambedkar was the first Dalit leader who had an all India following, the autonomous Dalit Leadership of several varieties existed much before he came on the horizon of the Dalit liberation.

1922 is correct because Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement after the Chauri Chaura incident of February 1922, where protesters turned violent, which went against his principles of non-violence.

Racial discrimination is correct because Gandhi's satyagraha in South Africa (1893-1914) primarily fought against racist laws targeting Indians, such as registration certificates and restrictions on movement.

Abanindranath Tagore is correct because his famous 1905 painting 'Bharat Mata' depicted the motherland as a saffron-clad woman embodying learning, sustenance, and beauty, becoming an iconic symbol of the nationalist movement.

Subhash Chandra Bose popularized 'Jai Hind' as a nationalist greeting during the INA movement in the 1940s. Lal Bahadur Shastri used 'Jai Jawan Jai Kisan'. Gandhi and Tilak had different slogans.

The Poona Pact was signed in September 1932 between Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi. It was an agreement on reserved seats for the Depressed Classes (now known as Scheduled Castes) in the provincial legislatures of British India. The pact was signed on September 24, 1932.

India's National Emblem featuring the Ashoka Pillar with four lions was adopted on January 26, 1950, the same day India became a Republic and the Constitution came into effect.

The Indian postal system has its origins in 1764 when Warren Hastings established the first post office under British East India Company rule. This makes 1764 the correct answer. The system evolved significantly over centuries, but 1764 marks its institutional beginning in India.

The Cabinet Mission arrived in India in March 1946 to discuss the transfer of power from British rule to Indian leadership. The mission proposed a plan for India's constitutional framework and recommended a three-tier structure of government. This mission was crucial in the independence process and its proposals influenced subsequent political developments leading to Partition in 1947.

The Ghadar Party was an organization founded by Punjabi Indians, notably Lala Har Dayal and Sohan Singh Bhakna, in July 1913 in Astoria, Oregon, USA, with the objective of liberating India from British rule.

Jana Gana Mana, composed by Rabindranath Tagore, was first published in 1912 in the Tatwabodhini Patrika journal. It was later adopted as India's national anthem in 1950, shortly after independence. The poem was originally written in Bengali and later translated to Hindi.

The All India Muslim League was formed in Dhaka in December 1906. The inaugural session was presided over by Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk. The League was established to protect Muslim political interests and initially advocated for separate electorates.

The Congress policy of 'prayer and petition' (the moderate approach) ended under Bal Gangadhar Tilak's guidance. Tilak introduced the concept of Swaraj as a birthright, promoted passive resistance and boycott movements, and famously declared 'Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it,' marking the shift from moderate to extremist politics.