Biology

Microorganisms in Food Production

1,120 Questions

Microorganisms play a vital role in food production through processes like fermentation and bioprocessing. Questions on this topic cover the use of yeast, bacteria, and industrial microbiology. These concepts are important for science sections in various competitive exams.

Alcoholic fermentationDairy beverage productionIndustrial ethanol preparationCitric acid productionBiodigester temperature

Microorganisms in Food Production Questions

Multiple choice biology reproduction in higher plants growth and development in plants sexual reproduction in plants post fertilization - plants

Beer is prepared from

  1. Maize

  2. Barley

  3. Sugarcane

  4. Grape
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Beer is an alcoholic beverage produced by the saccharification of starch and fermentation of the resulting sugar. The starch and saccharification enzymes are often derived from malted cereal grains, most commonly malted barley. A large part (about 25%) of the remainder is used for malting, for which barley is the best-suited grain. It is a key ingredient in beer and whisky production.
Two-row barley is traditionally used in German and English beers. Six-row barley was traditionally used in US beers, but both varieties are in common usage now. Distilled from green beer, whisky has been made primarily from barley in Ireland and Scotland, while other countries have used more diverse sources of alcohol, such as the more common corn, rye and wheat in the USA. In the US, a grain type may be identified on a whisky label if that type of grain constitutes 51% or more of the ingredients and certain other conditions are satisfied. So, beer is prepared from barley and not from sugarcane, grape and maize. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice geography australia - location, political divisions and physical features australia australia australia - geographical features

Molasses, a by product of sugarcane is used for which of the following?

  1. Used for generating electricity

  2. Used as a fertilizer

  3. Used for feeding livestock and for making alcohol

  4. Used in a number of products like perfumes, cosmetics and shoe polish
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In India Ethanol, a type of industrial alcohol, is produced directly from Molasses. The Government offers subsidized loans to sugar mills for setting up an ethanol producing unit, covering 40% of the project cost thus encouraging higher Ethanol production. Since sugarcane production in India is cyclical, ethanol production also varies, thus not assuring the optimum supply levels needed to meet the demand at a given time. Lower sugar molasses availability and consequent higher molasses prices affect cost of production of ethanol, thereby disrupting ethanol supply for the blending programme at pre-negotiated fixed level. Increased consumption of Ethanol for these uses is expected to harden the prices of Ethanol and growth of this by-product of sugar in a healthy and profitable manner.

Multiple choice botany flower taxonomic description of flower technical terms related to flowers basics of leaf and flower

Match the columns and find the correct option.

I II
(a) Pistils fuse together (i) Gametogenesis
(b) Formation of gametes (ii) Pistillate
(c) Hyphae of higher ascomycetes (iii) Syncarpous
(d) Unisexual female flower (iv) Dikaryotic

  1. a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii

  2. a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii

  3. a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d-iii

  4. a-i, b-ii, c-iv, d-iii
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
•When the carpels or pistils get fused, they are known as syncarpous.
•Formation of gametes from the diploid cells through meiosis is called gametogenesis.
•Hyphae of higher ascomycetes are dikaryotic because when the hyphae of two opposite strains fuse, karyogamy doesn't occur immediately and a binucleate condition is produced having nuclei from two different strains.
•A unisexual flower that has only female reproductive part is called pistillate.
Hence, the correct match is:
a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii
So, the correct answer is A.
Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

Given is a table of factors affecting microbial decomposition. ($'+'$ means 'favouring' and $'-'$ means inhibiting or lowering). Select the correct option.

  1. High temperature- $+$, Lack of oxygen- $+$, Moist environment- $+$, Lignin and chitin in detritus- $-$
  2. High temperature- $+$, Lack of oxygen- $-$, Moist environment- $+$, Lignin and chitin in detritus- $-$
  3. High temperature- $-$, Lack of oxygen- $-$, Moist environment- $+$, Lignin and chitin in detritus- $-$
  4. High temperature- $-$, Lack of oxygen- $+$, Moist environment- $+$, Lignin and chitin in detritus- $-$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Decomposers and transformers are the living components of the ecosystem and they are fungi and bacteria. Decomposers attack the dead remains of producers and consumers and degrade the complex organic substances into simpler compounds. The simple organic matters are then attacked by another kind of bacteria, and transformers which change these organic compounds into the inorganic forms that are suitable for reuse by producers or green plants.
The factors affecting microbial decomposition: Temperature is an important factor in the biological of a compost heap. Low outside temperatures  during the winter months slow the decomposition process, while warmer temperatures speed it up. During the warmer months of the year, intense microbial activity inside the heap caused composting to proceed at extremely high temperatures. The high temperatures are beneficial to the gardener because they kill weed seeds and germs that could be detrimental to vegetation. The next holds at 100 °F for a while and different microbes predominate. Then finally, the ambient phase where the pleasant earthly odor originates and material has produced compost.
Lack of oxygen: Composting can be defined in the terms of availability of oxygen. Aerobic decomposition means  that the active microbes in the heap require  oxygen,  while in anaerobic decomposition, the active microbes do not require oxygen to live and grow. Temperature, moisture content, the size of bacterial populations, and availability of nutrients limit and determine how much oxygen your heap uses.
Moist environment: The amount of moisture in your heap should be as high as possible, while still allowing air to filter into the pore spaces for the benefit of aerobic bacteria. Individual bacterial hold various percentages of moisture in compost and determine the  amount of water that can be added.
lignin and chitin in detritus: Even, within same climatic conditions decomposition rate becomes slower, if the detritus is rich in lignin and chitin. The nitrogen-rich detritus, on the other hand, having low amounts of lignin, decomposes relatively rapidly.
So the correct option is 'high temperature +, lack of oxygen +, moist environment +, lignin and chitin in detritus-'.
Multiple choice economics sustainable development with equity liberalisation objectives of economic planning in india need for sustainable development introduction to social movements and its types social movements

With reference to the usefulness of the by-products of sugar industry, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Bagasse can be used as biomass fuel for the generation of energy.
2. Molasses can be used a source of the feed stocks for the production of synthetic chemical fertilizers.
3. Molasses can be used for the production of ethanol. 

  1. Only 1

  2. 2 and 3

  3. 1 and 3

  4. 1, 2 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Synthetic chemical fertilizer don't use molasses as their stocks.

Multiple choice evs - i rules are for everyone unequal distribution of resources protecting our environment meaning and type of resources sustainability of natural resources adaptations - mangrove swamps, fast flowing rivers and treetops halophiles

Which one produce gas by decomposing the gobar in gobar gas?

  1. Fungi

  2. Virus

  3. Methanogenic bacteria

  4. Algae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Anaerobic digestion is a natural process in which bacteria convert organic materials into biogas. It occurs in marshes and wetlands and in the digestive tract of ruminants. The bacteria are also active in landfills, where they are the principal process degrading landfilled food wastes and other 
biomass. Biogas can be collected and used as a potential energy resource. The process occurs in an anaerobic (oxygen-free) environment through the activities of acid- and methane-forming (methanogenic) bacteria that break down the organic material and produce methane and carbon dioxide in a gaseous form, known as biogas. 

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Select the wrong statements.
A. Pyruvic acid decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase catalyse fermentation.
B. $NADH+H^+$ is reoxidised to $NAD^+$ in alcohol and lactic acid fermentation.
C. Yeasts poison themselves to death when the concentration of alcohol reaches about $31$ percent.
D. Prolonged fermentation results greater alcohol contents in alcohol beverages.

  1. C and D

  2. A and B

  3. B and C

  4. A and D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Yeast cells are typically killed by alcohol concentrations around 12-14 percent, not 31 percent. Prolonged fermentation does not indefinitely increase alcohol content because the yeast dies.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Escherichia colt has the following combination of characters.

  1. Rod shaped, 1-3$\mu $m long, gram negative
  2. Rod shaped, 1- 3$\mu $m long, gram positive
  3. Spiral, 1-3$\mu $m long, gram negative
  4. Spiral, 1-3$\mu $m long, gram positive
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Escherichia coli is a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium that is typically 1-3 micrometers in length.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Yeast die when alcohol concentration reaches about $13$%, still yeast perform alcholic fermentation why?

  1. To obtain ATP
  2. Utilization of $O _{2}$
  3. For oxidation of $NADH _{2}$

  4. Obligate aerobic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Yeast perform alcoholic fermentation primarily to regenerate NAD+ from NADH, which is essential for the continuation of glycolysis and the production of ATP under anaerobic conditions.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Which stain is used the microbe present in the fresh butter milk?

  1. Methylene blue

  2. Safranin

  3. Iodine

  4. Eosin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

a quick version of buttermilk, known as acidified buttermilk, is used to make paneer. The tartness of buttermilk is due to acid in milk, where iodine is suitable.

So, the correct option is 'Iodine'.

Multiple choice commercial applications bioenergy biofuels making biofuels technological and industrial development

The process by which the biodiesel are made is known as

  1. Incubation

  2. Transesterification

  3. Coagulation

  4. Fermentation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Transesterification is the process of converting vegetable oil, waste cooking oil and animal fats to biodiesel. In this process glyceride reacts with an alcohol to form fatty acid alkyl esters and alcohol.

So, the correct answer is 'Transesterification'

Multiple choice physics energy management solar power plant production of electricity from solar energy solar energy and its applications

The temperature of the biodigester is kept around $35^{\circ}C$, so as to sustain the fermentation of animal during slurry.

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Ambiguous

  4. Data insufficient
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is A.

This is a complex process by which organic matter is decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. The decomposition process produces a gaseous byproduct often called biogas, which consists primarily of methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. It occurs in nature and can be used to produce biogas from biomass in an anaerobic digestor. 
To optimize the digestion process, the biodigester must be kept at a consistent temperature, as rapid changes will upset bacterial activity. In most areas of the United States, digestion vessels require some level of insulation and/or heating. Some installations circulate the coolant from their biogas-powered engines in or around the digester to keep it warm, while others burn part of the biogas to heat the digester. In a properly designed system, heating generally results in an increase in biogas production during colder periods.
Hence, the statement is true.