Tag: producers, consumers and decomposers

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Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

During the process of decomposition.

  1. $CO _2$ is consumed and $O _2$ is released
  2. $O _2$ is consumed and $CO _2$ is released
  3. $CO _2$ is consumed and $H _2O$ is released

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Decomposition is the process that concerns breakdown of complex organic matter by decomposers to inorganic raw materials like carbon dioxide, water and various nutrients. Oxygen is required by aerobic bacteria for decomposition.

Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

Given is a table of factors affecting microbial decomposition. ($'+'$ means 'favouring' and $'-'$ means inhibiting or lowering). Select the correct option.

  1. High temperature- $+$, Lack of oxygen- $+$, Moist environment- $+$, Lignin and chitin in detritus- $-$
  2. High temperature- $+$, Lack of oxygen- $-$, Moist environment- $+$, Lignin and chitin in detritus- $-$
  3. High temperature- $-$, Lack of oxygen- $-$, Moist environment- $+$, Lignin and chitin in detritus- $-$
  4. High temperature- $-$, Lack of oxygen- $+$, Moist environment- $+$, Lignin and chitin in detritus- $-$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Decomposers and transformers are the living components of the ecosystem and they are fungi and bacteria. Decomposers attack the dead remains of producers and consumers and degrade the complex organic substances into simpler compounds. The simple organic matters are then attacked by another kind of bacteria, and transformers which change these organic compounds into the inorganic forms that are suitable for reuse by producers or green plants.
The factors affecting microbial decomposition: Temperature is an important factor in the biological of a compost heap. Low outside temperatures  during the winter months slow the decomposition process, while warmer temperatures speed it up. During the warmer months of the year, intense microbial activity inside the heap caused composting to proceed at extremely high temperatures. The high temperatures are beneficial to the gardener because they kill weed seeds and germs that could be detrimental to vegetation. The next holds at 100 °F for a while and different microbes predominate. Then finally, the ambient phase where the pleasant earthly odor originates and material has produced compost.
Lack of oxygen: Composting can be defined in the terms of availability of oxygen. Aerobic decomposition means  that the active microbes in the heap require  oxygen,  while in anaerobic decomposition, the active microbes do not require oxygen to live and grow. Temperature, moisture content, the size of bacterial populations, and availability of nutrients limit and determine how much oxygen your heap uses.
Moist environment: The amount of moisture in your heap should be as high as possible, while still allowing air to filter into the pore spaces for the benefit of aerobic bacteria. Individual bacterial hold various percentages of moisture in compost and determine the  amount of water that can be added.
lignin and chitin in detritus: Even, within same climatic conditions decomposition rate becomes slower, if the detritus is rich in lignin and chitin. The nitrogen-rich detritus, on the other hand, having low amounts of lignin, decomposes relatively rapidly.
So the correct option is 'high temperature +, lack of oxygen +, moist environment +, lignin and chitin in detritus-'.
Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

Decomposition is a type of ______ 

  1. aerobic respiration

  2. anaerobic respiration

  3. exothermic reaction

  4. none of these.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

When organic materials decompose in the presence of oxygen, the process is called “aerobic.” The aerobic process is most common in nature. For example, it takes place on ground surfaces such as the forest floor, where droppings from trees and animals are converted into relatively stable humus. There is no accompanying bad smell when there is adequate oxygen present. In aerobic decomposition, living organisms, which use oxygen, feed upon the organic matter. They use the nitrogen, phosphorus, some of the carbon, and other required nutrients. Much of the carbon serves as a source of energy for the organisms and is burned up and respired as carbon dioxide. Since carbon serves both as a source of energy and as an element in the cell protoplasm, much more carbon than nitrogen is needed. Generally, about two-thirds of carbon is respired as $C0 _2$, while the other third is combined with nitrogen in the living cells. However, if the excess of carbon over nitrogen (C: N ratio) inorganic materials being decomposed is too great, biological activity diminishes. Several cycles of organisms are then required to burn most of the carbon. 

So, the correct answer is A.

Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

The rotting dead matter in the soil is called 

  1. Weathering

  2. Humus

  3. Soil profile

  4. Top soil
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Dead plants and animals are degraded in soil by decomposing bacteria and fungi. The material formed after this decomposition activity is called humus. It is very rich in nutrients and black in color. Greater the amount of humus more is the soil productivity. Thus the correct answer is option B.
Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

.......... play a very important role in  decomposition of organic matter in the soil

  1. Cat

  2. Plants

  3. Microorganisms

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Micro-organisms dwell in soil. They contribute to various processes related to the soil, plants and atmosphere. One of the processes is decomposition of dead remains of plants and animals

So, the correct answer is 'micro-organisms'

Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

Which of these help in decomposition of organic wastes?

  1. Bacteria

  2. Fungi

  3. Earthworm

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

When organic wastes such as leftover food, plant and animals waste is collected in heaps, decomposers such as bacteria, insects such as earthworms and fungi act on it and break it down. This product which is formed by this action of decomposers is called compost. This process is called composting and the compost can be used to increase the plant yield. Thus the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

Which of the following gases is/are produced by decomposers during the decaying process?

  1. Only carbon dioxide gas

  2. Only carbon dioxide and nitrogen gases

  3. Only oxygen gas

  4. Only carbon dioxide and oxygen gases
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Decomposers feed on the dead or decaying organic matter(carbohydrate, proteins and lipids ) and produce nitrogen and carbon dioxide gases as an organic matter are mainly made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen. Thus, the correct answer is option B.