Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

3,323 Questions

The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Proboscis, collar and trunk coelom represent fine coelomic cavities in 

  1. Herdmania

  2. Amphioxus

  3. Balanoglossus

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Balanoglossus is an ocean-dwelling acorn worm genus. They possess a long protrusible proboscis.
The tentacular apparatus, which is present in some hemichordates is of lysosomal (collar).
Balanoglossus also possess the trunk in which the gonads are present.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Balanoglossus is now classified in

  1. Chordata

  2. Urochordata

  3. Cephalochordata

  4. Non-chordata
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Balanoglossus was earlier placed in the group of the Hemichordates. But now like the other doubtful Hemichordates, such as Cephalodiscus and Rhabdopleura, Balanoglossus are now classified under non-chordates after echinoderms. It is because their notochord is doubtful. They have a short notochord which is confined to proboscis and non homologous with that of chordates.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Which of the following animal is called as typical chordate?

  1. Hermania

  2. Amphioxus

  3. Balanoglossus

  4. Salpa
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Amphioxus also called as lancelets or cephalochordates form one of the three chordate subphyla. Amphioxus possess typical chordate characters, such as a dorsal hollow neural tube and notochord, a ventral gut and a perforated pharynx with gill slits, segmented axial muscles and gonads, a post-anal tail, a pronephric kidney. Hence, option B is correct.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Hatschek's nephridium is present in 

  1. Herdmania

  2. Amphioxus

  3. Both of the above

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The unpaired 'Hatscheck's nephridium' is the largest and most anterior of the nephridia in the body of the Branchiostoma. It is a single tubule which lies on the left side of the notochord running parallel to the left anterior aorta. It stretches from the anterior vestibule to a point immediately posterior to the velum where it opens into the endodermal pharynx. 

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Stomorchord (buccal diverticulum) is present in 

  1. Amphioxus

  2. Herdmania

  3. Balanoglossus

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hemichordata closely relates the Chordates. It contains marine deuterostome animals. They have a tubular structure known as stomochords. Stomochords arise in embryonic development as an out-pocketing from the roof of the embryonic gut anterior to the pharynx. In adults, they extend dorsally from the pharynx into the proboscis and serve to communicate with the oral cavity. Their walls are composed primarily of epithelial cells, but ciliated and glandular cells are also present.Balanoglossus belongs to the Hemichordata phylum. So, it has buccal diverticulum.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

In which of the following notochord is absent?

  1. Adult Herdmania and adult Balanoglossus

  2. Adult Herdmania and adult Brachiostoma

  3. Larva of Herdmania and Brachiostoma

  4. Larva of Herdmania and Balanoglossus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Balanoglossus belongs to subphylum Hemichordata, which have a short notochord present in anterior part of the body but it is only present in the larval stage.

Herdmania belongs to subphylum Urochordata, which have a notochord present in the tail but notochord is present only in larval stages.
Therefore notochord is absent in adult Herdmania and adult Balanoglossus. 
So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

The correct classification of Balanoglossus is

  1. Chordata $\rightarrow$ Vretebrata $\rightarrow$ Enteroneusta
  2. Chordata $\rightarrow$ Vretebrata $\rightarrow$ Pterobranchia
  3. Chordata $\rightarrow$ Hemichordata $\rightarrow$ Pterobranchia
  4. Chordata $\rightarrow$ Hemichordata $\rightarrow$ Enteropneusta
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Balanoglossus is an ocean-dwelling acorn worm, it is an "evolutionary link" between invertebrates and vertebrates. It belongs to chordates, phylum Hemichordata and order Enteropneusta.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology micro organisms non cellular organism : virus world of virus bacteria - introduction, shape and structure

Which of the following is a microscopic plant?

  1. Algae

  2. Fungi

  3. Bacteria

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Algae are single-celled, aquatic, microscopic plants. As they can make their own food, they are considered as plants. They contain photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll-like plants. However, they do not have root, leaves and stems, unlike plants.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Algae'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Plant and animal cells are  .......... cells. 

  1. Eukaryotic

  2. Prokaryotic

  3. All are prokaryotic with few eukaryotes

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic cells, so they have several features in common, such as the presence of a nucleus with nuclear membrane and membrane-bounded organelles. 80S ribosomes are present in both the type of cell.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

................  are found in eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes.

  1. Ribosomal RNA

  2. Plasma membrane

  3. Nuclear membrane

  4. Ribosomes

  5. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in having a eukaryon or an advanced nucleus having a nuclear membrane. The prokaryotic cells have a primitive nucleus without a nuclear membrane, where the nuclear material lies freely in the cytoplasm in the nucleoid region.
Thus, the correct answer is option 'Nuclear membrane'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Which one of the following organisms is not an eukaryote?

  1. Paramecium caudatum

  2. Escherichia coli

  3. Euglena viridis

  4. Amoeba proteus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Eukaryotes are the organisms which have membrane-bound cell organelles as well as membrane-bound nucleus. All the kingdoms except kingdom monera possess eukaryotes.

Paramecium caudatum and Amoeba proteus are the protozoans belonging to kingdom Protista. So, they are eukaryotes.
Euglena viridis also belongs to kingdom Protista. It is a protistan algae.
Escherichia coli is not a eukaryote. It is a gram -ve bacteria belonging to kingdom Monera. Monera is a kingdom of prokaryotes. They do not have membrane-bound organelles and an organised nucleus.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Select the correct pair in which one is a prokaryote, whereas the other is a eukaryote.

  1. Cyanobacteria and algae

  2. Algae and fungi

  3. Mosses and ferns

  4. Ferns and gymnosperms

  5. Gymnosperms and angiosperms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The prokaryotic cell is the cell devoid of nuclear membrane and membrane-bound organelles whereas eukaryotic cell has membrane bound nucleus and organelles. Cyanobacteria are the prokaryotic microscopic organism (kingdom Monera) while algae, fungi, mosses, fern and spermatophytes (angiosperms and gymnosperms) are eukaryotes.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

The division of the organisms into Prokaryota and Eukaryota is based on the characters of

  1. Nucleus only

  2. More than one chromosome

  3. Cell organelles only

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Prokaryotes are the organism whose cell do not possess membrane-bound nucleus and organelles except ribosome. Instead of organelles, all the function is performed by the cytoplasm and cell membrane. Whereas eukaryotes are the organism whose cell possess membrane-bound organelle and nucleus. Prokaryotic cell possesses single circular chromosome whereas eukaryotic cell possesses more than one chromosomes. Thus, the correct answer is option D.