Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

3,323 Questions

The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - friend and foe useful and harmful bacteria bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

Thermococcus, Methanococcus and Methanobacterium exemplify

  1. Bacteria whose DNA is relaxed or positively supercoiled but which have a cytoskeleton as well as mitochondria

  2. Bacteria that contains cytoskeleton and ribosomes

  3. Archaebacteria, that contain protein homologous to eukaryotic core histones

  4. Archaebacteria that lack any histones resembling those found in eukaryotes but whose DNA is negatively supercoiled
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Thermococcus, Methanococcus, and Methanobacterium are Archaea whose histones are shorter than eukaryotic histones and are assembled in tetramers.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - friend and foe useful and harmful bacteria bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

The bacteria which lacks flagella and moves by gliding are
included in

  1. Spirochaetes

  2. Rickettsia

  3. Myxobacteria

  4. Eubacteria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cyanobacteria are also called myxobacteria. In which flagella one completely absent but the movement occurs in some genera by special gliding motion. Such movement are connected with the secretion of mucilage.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - friend and foe useful and harmful bacteria bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

Select the correct combination of the statement (1-4) regarding the characteristics of certain organisms. 
(1) Methanogens are Archaebacteria, which produce methane in marshy areas.
(2) Nostoc is a filamentous blue-green alga, which fixes atmospheric nitrogen.
(3) Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria synthesize cellulose from glucose.
(4) Mycoplasma lacks a cell wall and can survive without oxygen.
The correct statements are 

  1. (2) and (3)

  2. (1), (2) and (3)

  3. (2), (3) and (4)

  4. (1), (2) and (4)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions. They are classified as Archaea, a domain distinct from bacteria. They are common in wetlands, where they are responsible for marsh gas. Cyanobacteria are often called as blue-green algae. Cyanobacteria are a photosynthetic nitrogen fixing group that survive in wide variety of habitats, soils, and water. Mycoplasma refers to a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall. Mycoplasma can survive without oxygen.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - friend and foe useful and harmful bacteria bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

VFDF is produced by

  1. Lingbya

  2. Microcystis

  3. Aulosira

  4. Tolypothrix
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

VFDF is also called as Very Fast Death Factor. It is an anatoxin produced by a cyanobacteria, Lingbya. It is a neurotoxin. It causes severe overstimulation of respiratory muscles. This ultimately can result in death.

Thus, the correct answer 'Lingbya.'

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Tongue worm is 

  1. Nereis

  2. Taenia

  3. Balanoglossus

  4. Ancyclostoma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Any wormlike invertebrate of the phylum Pentastomida (or subphylum of Arthropoda), having two pairs of hooks at the sides of the mouth: all are parasitic, some in the respiratory tracts of mammals.

Nereis is a genus of polychaete worm.
Taenia is a tapeworm.
Balanoglossus is the acorn worm. It is also called Tongue worm due to the resemblance of the proboscis & genital wings to Ox tongue.
Ancyclostoma It is a parasitic nematode worm
So the answer is 'Balanoglossus'. 

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Notochord is absent in the group

  1. Hemichordata

  2. Chordata

  3. Cephalochordata

  4. Urochordata
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hemichordates are marine invertebrates which are closely related to both chordates and echinoderms. They are deuterostomes which have pharyngeal gill slits and most of them have a dorsal nerve cord and they lack a notochord.

So, the correct answer is 'Hemichordata'.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Choose the incorrect statement.

  1. Balanoglossus is a worm like marine animal with external fertilization and indirect development

  2. Urochordates exhibit retrograde metamorphosis

  3. Crocodiles have completely divided for chambered heart

  4. Male Macropus is a mammal exhibiting saltatory locomotion and brood pouch for parental care
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Balanoglossus is a hemichordate. While it is a marine animal, it is not a worm in the traditional sense, and the statement is generally accepted as true in biological contexts regarding its development.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Hemichordates are the connecting link between

  1. Urochordates and cephalochordates

  2. Cephalochordates and vertebrates

  3. Urochordates and vertebrates

  4. Non-chordates and chordates
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hemichordates means half chordates. It is a connecting link between non-chordates and chordates as they share some characteristics of both. The chordates have creatine in their energy cycle for the muscle contaction while non-chordates have arginine but the hemichordates have both i.e., creatine as well as arginine.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Which one of the following is not true for protochordates?

  1. Presence of dorsal nerve cord

  2. Tail behind the anal opening

  3. Presence of gill slits

  4. Presence of segmented body
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Protochordates are characterized by the presence of dorsal nerve cord, tail behind the anal opening, presence of gill slits.
The segmented body is mainly seen in annelids and arthropods amongst the invertebrates.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

The feature that is not a characteristics of protochordata?

  1. Presence of notochord

  2. Bilateral symmetry and coelom

  3. Jointed legs

  4. Presence of closed circulatory system

  5. Both C and D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Protochordates are the animals having a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a notochord. They are usually referred to as the oldest chordates. They mainly include tunicates and cephalochordates. They are bilaterally symmetrical and possess a coelom. They do not have a closed circulatory system or jointed legs.

So, the correct answer is 'Both C  and D'.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Hemichordata posses .......... for respiration.

  1. Lungs

  2. Gill slits

  3. Alveoli

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hemichordates consists of a small group of worm-like marine animals with an organ-system level of organization. They are nonchordates. The circulatory system is of open type. The blood flows to a cavity known as hemocoel which bathes the organs directly with oxygen and nutrients and there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid. They respire with help of gill slits.

So, the correct answer is option B

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Which of the following is not a characteristic of hemichordates?

  1. They are widely distributed in shallow, marine and tropical waters

  2. They have epidermal nervous system

  3. Most of them have pharyngeal slits

  4. They have cylindrical body
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hemichordates may not always have a cylindrical body, cylindrical body is the main characteristics of nematodes. Rest all are the characteristics of hemichordates.