Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

3,829 Questions

The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

Pattern of organisation of eukaryotic cilia and flagella is

  1. 9 + 0

  2. 9 + 1

  3. 9 + 2

  4. 9 + 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cilia and flagella are cellular projections which are covered by an extension of the plasma membrane. 
  • They both have similar internal structures and are made up of microtubules.
  • The microtubule arrangement within cilia and flagella is 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules.
  • It contains nine fused pairs of microtubules on the outer side of a cylinder and the two unfused microtubules at the centre.
  • So, the correct answer is '9 + 2'.
Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

The presence of cilia, an oral groove and food vacuoles and the absence of chloroplasts in an unicellular organism indicate that the organism carries on

  1. Sexual reproduction

  2. Autotrophic nutrition

  3. Extracellular digestion

  4. Heterotrophic nutrition
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The autotrophic organisms are self feeders that can synthesize the organic compounds using the inorganic substances available in surroundings. Green plants synthesize organic compounds using carbon dioxide and water in presence of sunlight as captured by green pigment chlorophyll. Absence of chlorophyll indicates the heterotrophic mode of nutrition of the organisms wherein they depend on the organic compounds synthesized by other autotrophs. This makes option B incorrect and option D correct. Option A is incorrect as the question is about mode of nutrition; not mode of reproduction. Extracellular digestion refers to secretion of digesting enzymes onto the food present in surroundings followed by intake of digested food via phagocytosis or any other transport mechanism. Cilia are the hair like appandages that help organism to move food into the oral groove which in turn collect and move the food into the cell; the food vacuoles serve to store the food. This makes option C incorrect as presence of cilia, oral groove and food vacuole indicate intracellular digestion. Correct answer is D. 

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

A flagellum beats

  1. Independently, undulatory and asymmetrically

  2. Independently, undulatory and symmetrically

  3. Coordinated, pendular and symmetric

  4. Coordinated, pendular and asymmetric.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Flagella are typically longer than cilia and move in a wave-like (undulatory) motion. This motion is generally independent of other flagella and symmetric in its wave propagation.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

Find the correct statement in relation to flagella: 

  1. Flagella are longer and less in number than cilia.

  2. Flagella usually beat independently.

  3. Arms of subfibril A are made of Nexin protein.

  4. A-B linker is made of dyenin protein.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Flagella are long, numerous hairlike projections from the plasma membrane. Flagella are longer and less in number than cilia. In multicellular organisms, cilia and flagella are the major means of locomotion in prokaryotic cells, both cilia and flagella are composed of microtubles.

So, the correct option is 'Flagella are longer and more in number than cilia'.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

The movement of cilia and flagella is due to the presence of _________.

  1. radial spokes

  2. central sheath

  3. singlet micritubules

  4. dyneins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Groups of dynein molecules responsible for movement in opposite directions are probably activated and inactivated in a coordinated fashion so that the cilia or flagella can move back and forth.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

Pili, Fimbriae and flagella

  1. Play a role in motility in bacteria

  2. Are surface structures of bacteria

  3. Play a role in motility in eukaryotic cells

  4. Are elongated tubular structures made of a special phospholipid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Pili, Fimbriae and flagella are structures that are found on the cell wall of the bacteria. These are structures that are made out of cellular components like proteins, for example, Pilli is made up of the protein pilin and flagella is made up of the protein flagellin.

Flagella are longer than both pili and fimbriae. These are a surface structure of the bacteria.
So, the correct option is 'Are surface structures of bacteria'

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

The variation in pattern of 9+2 in cilium or flagellum is shown by 

  1. Flatworm

  2. Eel

  3. Sporozoan protozoan

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The 9+2 arrangement of fibrils is characteristics of eukaryotes being comprised of 9 peripheral doublet and 2 central singlet fibrils. Although the 9 + 2 pattern is the fundamental pattern of virtually all cilia and flagella, the axonemes of certain sporozoan protozoans and some insect sperm show some interesting variations. The spermatozoids of flatworms are also atypical. The eel sperm shows 9+0 arrangement. These atypical cilia and flagella, which are all motile, show that the central pair of singlet microtubules is not necessary for axonemal beating and that fewer than nine outer doublets can sustain motility, but at a lower frequency.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

Which of the following statement regarding cilia is not correct?

  1. Cilia contain an outer ring of nine doublet microtubles surrounding two single microtubles.

  2. Cilia is an organelle found in prokaryotes.

  3. Cilia are short, hair-like cellular appendages.

  4. Microtubules of cilia are composed of tubulin.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cilia are short, hair like appendages extending from the surface a living cell. Cilia are found exclusively in the prokaryotes.

Multiple choice evs nutrition and its deficiency general functions of food nutrition and its need in plants nutrition and its need

The energy required to maintain the metabolic rate of a small field mouse is inversely related to its size. Therefore, the field mouse

  1. Uses fewer calories to maintain body mass (relative to its size) than a horse

  2. Consumes more food per unit of body mass than a horse

  3. Has a slower breathing rate than a horse

  4. Has a slower heart rate and blood volume (relative to size) than a horse
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • In endothermic and ectothermic animals, ie. warm and cold-blooded animals, metabolic rates are inversely proportional to the size of the organism.
  •  This shows that smaller animals, like the mouse, have a much faster metabolic rate than that of larger animals like humans or elephants or horse. Hence, The energy required to maintain the metabolic rate of a small field mouse is inversely related to its size. Therefore, the field mouse consumes more food per unit of body mass than a horse.
So, the correct answer is 'Consumes more food per unit of body mass than a horse'.
Multiple choice zoology earthworm structure of earthworm earthworm - morphology, integumentary system , respiration and nervous system adaptations

If non labelled diagram of earthworm is given, then which special character must be shown to include it in a specific phylum?

  1. Eye

  2. Metamerical segmentation

  3. Clietlum

  4. Anus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Metameric segmentation is the defining feature that places earthworms in the phylum Annelida. While clitellum (option C, misspelled as Clietlum) is also characteristic, it is specific to clitellates within annelids, whereas segmentation is the broader phylum-level trait used for classification.

Multiple choice zoology environmental science structure of earthworm earthworm - morphology, integumentary system , respiration and nervous system adaptations

In earthworm skeleton like function is performed by _______________.

  1. Coelomic fluid

  2. Alimentary canal filled with food

  3. Typhlosole

  4. Clitellum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The coelomic fluid in earthworms acts as a hydrostatic skeleton, providing support and allowing for movement through peristalsis.