Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

3,323 Questions

The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Histological differentiation is absent in ____________.

  1. Amoeba

  2. Hydra

  3. Cockroach

  4. Earthworm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Amoeba is a unicellular organism; therefore, it lacks the complex histological differentiation found in multicellular organisms like Hydra, cockroaches, or earthworms.

Multiple choice botany the world of microbes bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Teichoic acid is present in cell wall of

  1. Bacteriophage

  2. Mycoplasma

  3. Nostoc

  4. Pneumococcus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Teichoic acids are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Pneumococcus is a well-known Gram-positive bacterium, whereas the others listed do not possess this specific cell wall structure.

Multiple choice botany the world of microbes bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Select the wrong statement of a bacterial cell

  1. Mesosome is formed by extensions of plasma membrane into cell

  2. Pili are elongated tubular structures made up of a protein

  3. Flagellum is composed of filament, hook and basal body

  4. Ribosomes are about 30 nm by 50 nm in size

  5. Fimbriae are small bristle like fibres sprouting out of cell.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bacterial ribosomes are 70S, consisting of 30S and 50S subunits. The statement claiming they are 30 nm by 50 nm is incorrect as these numbers refer to the Svedberg units of the subunits, not the physical dimensions in nanometers.

Multiple choice botany the world of microbes bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Mitochondria are absent in

  1. Bacteria

  2. Red Algae

  3. Green Algae

  4. Brown Algae.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Mitochondria are absent in bacteria and blue-green algae.
  • A prokaryotic cell lacks membrane-bound cell organelles and nucleus whereas, a eukaryotic cell consists of membrane-bound cellular organelles and well-defined nucleus.
  • Red algae, green algae and brown algae have eukaryotic cells (well-defined nucleus and cellular organelles).
  • So, the correct answer is 'Bacteria'.
Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Alga Acetobularia is

  1. Unicellular prokaryote.

  2. Multicellular prokaryote.

  3. Unicellular eukaryote.

  4. Multicellular eukaryote.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Acetabularia is a single-celled green photosynthetic algae which contain chloroplasts of the photosynthetic function. Being unicellular it has a complex shape and has been a model organism for the study of gene expression with morphogenesis. It has a large nucleus which contains a genetic material. Because of the presence of nucleus which is absent in prokaryote, these algae is classified in eukaryotes. hence algae Acetabularia is a unicellular eukaryote.

Multiple choice botany the world of microbes bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Bacteria with tuft of flagella at one pole are

  1. Amphitrichous

  2. Peritrichous

  3. Atrichous

  4. Lophotrichous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A. Amphitrichous bacteria have flagella (single or multiple) extending from both ends of the cell.

B. Peritrichous bacteria have flagella projecting in all directions around the cell.
C. Atrichous bacteria lack flagella. 
D. Lophotrichous bacteria have a tuft of flagella located at the same point on the bacterial cell.
So, the correct answer is 'Lophotrichous'.

Multiple choice botany the world of microbes bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Bacteria having a tuft of flagella at both the poles are

  1. Atrichous

  2. Peritrichous

  3. Lophotrichous

  4. Amphitrichous.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Amphitrichous bacteria possess a single flagellum or a tuft of flagella at both poles of the cell. This distinguishes them from peritrichous (all over) or lophotrichous (tuft at one end) arrangements.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Which one of the following is the most important criterion used to classify living organisms into three primary kingdoms, namely-Archaea, Eubacteria and Eukarya?

  1. Genetic relatedness

  2. Morphological characters

  3. Physiological characters

  4. Phenotypic characters
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Carl Woese proposed the three-domain system based on ribosomal RNA sequences, which serves as a measure of genetic relatedness (phylogeny) among organisms.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Surface appendages used by -bacteria to attach to one another and to host organisms are called:

  1. thylakoids

  2. mesosomes

  3. pili

  4. spirilla
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A pilus is a thin, rigid fiber made of protein that protrudes from the cell surface. The primary function of pili is to attach a bacterial cell to specific surfaces or to other cells. So, the correct option is 'pili'.
Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Select the pair that shows the same relationship as the animals in the box.
Amoeba : Paramecium.

  1. Rhizopus : Chlamydomonas

  2. Candida : Saccharomyces

  3. Pteridium : Fasciola

  4. Albugo : Adiantum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Amoeba and Paramecium are both unicellular protists. Similarly, Rhizopus (a fungus) and Chlamydomonas (an alga) are both eukaryotic microorganisms, though the relationship is broader than the original pair.

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) aves and mammalia classifications of chordata aves

Prosimians differ from simians in

  1. Having claws instead of nails.

  2. Having claws in some of the digits.

  3. Having shorter hind limbs

  4. Presence of tail
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Prosimians include The lemurs, lorises and tarsiers and Simians include The monkeys, apes and man.
  • Prosimians are primitive primates. They retain claws on some digits, having nails on others. The hindlimbs are longer than forelimbs. The tail may be present or lacking.
  • Simians have nails on the digits. Forelimbs are longer than the hindlimbs. The tail may or may not occur.
So, the correct answer is 'having claws in some of the digits'.

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) aves and mammalia classifications of chordata aves

Birds can fly in the air because they

  1. Are small

  2. Are lighter than air

  3. Push more air behind

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The birds can lift their body and fly in the air due to the capability that the wings have the structure to push the air in the backward direction. This allows the bird to fly upward and forward by applying force and moving the air back.

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) aves and mammalia classifications of chordata aves

Which of the following sets of features of Echidna/Platypus makes them form a link between reptiles and mammals?

  1. Produce milk for their offspring even though they lays eggs

  2. Eggs with yolk and hair on body

  3. Egg shell and presence of diaphragm

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Platypus and Echidna are warm-blooded animals. They belong to Mammalia because they have hair on their body and produce milk from mammary glands to feed their young ones. However, they lay eggs without giving birth to young ones. Laying eggs is characteristics of class Reptilia. Hence they form a link between reptiles and mammals. 

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) aves and mammalia classifications of chordata aves

Order Insectivora belongs to

  1. Class mammalia

  2. Class insecta

  3. Phylum arthropoda

  4. Phylum echinodermata
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Order Insectivora belongs to the Class Mammalia as they are small, furry mammals. Like all other mammals, they give birth to young ones, have mammary glands and diaphragm.

General Characteristics of Insectivora are:
1. They are the Third largest group of Mammals.
2. They are very small in size.
3. Their skin is covered with fur or spines.
So the correct answer is 'Class Mammalia'.