Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

3,323 Questions

The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Mucopeptide is abundant in the cell wall of

  1. Cyanobacteria
  2. Gram $(+)$ bacteria
  3. Gram $(-)$ bacteria

  4. Bacteriophage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria have a peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall. It is also called as mucopeptide or murein. However, Gram positive bacteria have thick layer of peptidoglycan. Hence, mucopeptide is abundant in the cell wall of gram positive bacteria. Gram negative bacteria have thin layer of mucopeptide. Apart from this, Gram negative bacteria have outer wall made up of lipopolysaccharide. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Gram (+) bacteria.'

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Which is not a characteristic of Gram $(+)$ bacteria?

  1. Smooth cell wall

  2. Outer membrane

  3. Prominent mesosomes

  4. Two rings in basal body of flagellum
  5. $70-80\%$ murein in cell wall
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Gram positive bacteria differs from Gram negative bacteria in having multiple layers of peptidoglycan. They have 20–30 nm thick and smooth cell wall. They contain 70-80% murein or peptidoglycan in cell wall. They do not have outer membrane like Gram negative bacteria, which have an outer LPS layer. Due to absence of outer LPS layer, Gram positive bacteria has two rings in basal body of flagellum, one attached to the plasma membrane and one attached to the peptidoglycan wall. They have prominent mesosomes. Mesosomes are folded invaginations of the plasma membrane.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Outer membrane.'

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Wall is two-layered in

  1. Mycoplasma

  2. Archaebacteria
  3. Gram $(+)$ bacteria
  4. Gram $(-)$ bacteria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

On the basis of composition of cell wall, the bacteria are classified into two groups, namely Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Cell wall of all bacteria is made up of peptidoglycan. The gram positive bacteria contains thick layer of peptidoglycan. However, Gram negative bacteria contains thin layer of peptidoglycan. Apart from this, it also contains an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Hence, the wall of Gram negative bacteria is two-layered.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Gram (−) bacteria.'

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Peptidoglycan (mucopeptide) is found in walls of _____________.

  1. Only Gram +ve bacteria

  2. Both Gram +ve and -ve bacteria

  3. Gram +ve, -ve bacteria and fungi

  4. Bacteria and green algae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The mucopeptide is a peptidoglycan that is insoluble in nature. It is also called as murein. It is present in almost all bacterial cell walls.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ in

  1. Type of movement and placement

  2. Location and mode of functioning

  3. Microtubular structure and function

  4. Microtubular organisation and type of movement
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
 PROKARYOTIC FLAGELLA  EUKARYOTIC FLAGELLA 
 1) It is made up of flagellin proteins.2) It is smaller in size and is narrower.3) It is designed to perform clockwise and anti-clockwise movements.4) They do not contain microtubule-based structures. 1) It is made up of tubulin proteins.2) It is larger in size and is thicker.3) It is designed to perform back and forth movements. 4) They are made up of microtubules.

So, the correct answer is 'Microtubular organisation and type of movement'.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Choose the wrong statements regarding bacterial cell
(a) Glycocalyx is the outer most envelope in bacteria
(b) Gycocalyx could be a loose sheath called capsule
(c) Glycocalyx may be thick and tough called slime layer.
(d) A special structure formed by the plasma membrane is called mesosome.
(e) Small bristle-like fibres sprouting out of the cell are called fimbriae.

  1. a and c are wrong

  2. a and b are wrong

  3. b and c are wrong

  4. a and d are wrong

  5. c and d are wrong.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Statement (b) is wrong because a capsule is a thick, tough layer, not a loose sheath. Statement (c) is wrong because a slime layer is the loose sheath, not the thick/tough one.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Teichoic acid is present in which component of bacteria

  1. Cell wall

  2. Plasma membrane

  3. Outer membrane

  4. Flagella.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria is made up of with anionic glycopolymers called wall teichoic acids.
  •  It plays an important role in determining the cell shape, regulation of cell division etc.
  • Teichoic acids are found within the cell wall of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium etc.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Cell wall'.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Eubacterial cell walls are composed of ........., and a sticky mesh of polysaccharides, a ......... often surrounds the wall

  1. peptidoglycan, plasma membrane

  2. cellulose; glycocalyx

  3. cellulose; plasma membrane

  4. peptidoglycan; glycocalyx
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Eubacterial cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan and a sticky mesh of polysaccharides, a glycocalyx often surrounds the wall.

So, the correct option is 'peptidoglycan; glycocalyx'.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Glycocalyx (mucilage sheath) of a bacterial cell may occur in the form of a loose sheath called _____ or it may be thick and tough called _____.

  1. Capsule, Slime layer

  2. Slime layer, Capsule

  3. Mesosome, Capsule

  4. Mesosome, Slime layer
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Glycocalyx (mucilage sheath) is the outermost layer of the bacterial cell envelope which consists of non-cellulosic polysaccharides with or without proteins. It may occur in the form of loose sheath, called slime layer. If it is a thick covering, it is called capsule. Glycocalyx gives sticky character to the cell and is not absolutely essential for survival of bacteria. It prevents desiccating, protects from phagocytes, toxic chemicals and viruses and serves in attachment. It may give selective advantage through in certain situations.

So, the correct answer is 'Slime layer, capsule'.

Multiple choice zoology biology : an introduction characteristics of life living world and classification attributes of living organisms

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of living organisms?

  1. Growth

  2. Ability to make sound

  3. Reproduction

  4. Response to external stimuli
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In physiology, a stimulus is a perceptible change in the interior or outside condition. The capacity of a living being or organ to react to outside upgrades is called affectability. 

So, the correct option is 'Response to external stimuli'.

Multiple choice biology biology : an introduction characteristics of life living world and classification attributes of living organisms

All living things perform the action of 

  1. Eating

  2. Growing

  3. Breathing

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
All living things show following distinguished characters
  • Reproduction and metabolism
  • Response to stimuli.
  • Growth and development.
  • Adaptation through evolution
For showing these characters they perform an act of eating, growing, adapting, moving and breathing.
Hence the option D "all of the above" is correct.