Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

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The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice biology butterfly and honey bee life cycle of a butterfly metamorphosis in frogs the life of a butterfly types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous

The term metamorphosis is not used while describing human development. Why?

  1. It occurs only in insects

  2. Insects, fishes, amphibians, molluscs, crustaceans, cnidarians, echinoderms and tunicates undergo metamorphosis

  3. Humans do not show metamorphosis

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Metamorphosis is a biological process by which there is a profound change in form from one stage to the next in the life history of an organism, as from the caterpillar to pupa and from the pupa to adult. Some insects, fishes, amphibians, molluscs, crustaceans, cnidarians, echinoderms and tunicates undergo metamorphosis. Humans do not undergo metamorphosis.
So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'

Multiple choice botany classical genetics incomplete dominance deviation from mendelism inheritance
Read the passage and answer the following question.
A certain species of bird has two feather variations displayed by males: a dull-colored one that blends into their preferred habitat and a brightly colored one that is very obvious. The adult females are dull colored. The predation rate for brightly colored adults is three times higher than for the dull-colored adults. In spite of this, the brightly colored plumage persists in the population. 
Which of the following is the correct explanation?

  1. Females prefer the brighter plumage and so mate with this phenotype more often.

  2. The dull plumage provides a selection advantage over the bright plumage.

  3. The adults with dull plumage require less energy investment to ensure their survival.

  4. Those brightly colored birds that do survive have more highly developed survival skills than those that do not survive.

  5. Dull-colored adult males are more lethargic than the brightly colored birds.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Dull plumage confers a survival advantage to birds by protecting them against predators while those having brighter plumage are easily spotted. However, brighter plumage helps male birds to attract female birds for mating and confers reproductive advantage. This leads to persistence of brighter plumage population despite its more chances to get captured by a predator. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Aristotle divided animals into

  1. Protozoa and metazoa

  2. Chordates and nonchordates

  3. Anaima and enaima

  4. Arboreal and terrestrial
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Aristotle was a Greek philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, the founder of the Lyceum and the Peripatetic school of philosophy and Aristotelian tradition. 
  • Aristotle was born in 384 B.C. in Stagira in northern Greece.
  • Aristotle divided animals into Aniama( "those without RBC") and enaima( "those with blood). Anaima examples invertebrates and Enaima examples vertebrates
  • So, the correct answer is 'Anaima and enaima'.
Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Which of the following is not a criterion for classification of living organisms?

  1. Body design of the organism

  2. Ability to produce ones own food

  3. Membrane bound nucleus and cell organelles

  4. Height
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The criterions for classification of organisms are as follows-
1. Nature of cell (porkaryotic or eukaryotic)
2. Number of cells (unicellular or multicellular)
3. Mode of nutrition (autotrophic or heterotrophic)
4. Body design (presence or absence of cell wall)
5. Presence or absence of well defined nucleus with nuclear membrane
6. Body differentiation
7. Presence of conducting tissues (in case of plants)
8. Mode of reproduction
9. Type of seed (in case of plants)
10. Number of cotyledons (in case of plants)
Hence, options A, B, C are incorrect. 
Height is not considered as criterion for classification of living organisms. 
Therefore, option D is correct.  

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

Select the incorrect statement.

  1. Flagella are comparatively longer than cilia & responsible for cell movement.

  2. The prokaryotic flagella are functionally different from eukaryotic flagella.

  3. The axoneme of cilia usually has nine peripheral doublets of microtubules.

  4. Centrioles form the basal body of eukaryotic cilia flagella.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella are different in the structure but their function is similar as they are used for the locomotion in prokaryotes while in gametes of eukaryotes are also used for movement.

So the correct option is 'The prokaryotic flagella are functionally different from eukaryotic flagella.'

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

Read the following statements:
(i) Cilia and flagella work like oars
(ii) Cilia are relatively longer than flagella
(iii) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella are structurally similar
(iv) Cilia and flagella are covered with plasma membrane in eukaryotes
(v) The core of cilia/flagella is called axoneme which has nine pairs of doublets or radially arranged peripheral microtubules and a pair of centrally located microtubules.
How many of the given statements are correct?

  1. Three

  2. Two

  3. Four

  4. Five
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Correct statements: (i) Cilia/flagella work like oars, (iv) they are covered by the plasma membrane, and (v) the axoneme structure (9+2 arrangement). (ii) is false because flagella are longer than cilia. (iii) is false because prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella are structurally different.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

Flagella are composed of

  1. $9$ pairs of mictotubules syrrounding a central pair of microtubules
  2. $9$ pairs of microtubules surrounding a single central microtubule
  3. $9$ microtubules surrounding a central pair of microtubules

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The eukaryotic flagellum has an axoneme with a 9+2 arrangement, meaning 9 pairs (doublets) of microtubules arranged in a circle surrounding a central pair of microtubules.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

Read the following statements and state true (T) or false (F) regarding cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells.
Both the cilium and flagellum emerge from basal bodies.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • A basal body can be defined as a protein structure which is found at the base of a eukaryotic undulipodium (cilia or flagella).
  • It acts as a nucleation site for the growth of the axoneme microtubules.
  • The basal bodies undergo a transition to form the cytoskeletal structure present in cilia or flagella called the axoneme.
  • So the correct answer is 'True'.
Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

Which of the following type of movement are seen in human body?
A. Amoeboid     B. Ciliary     C. Flagellar     D. Muscular

  1. A, b and c

  2. A, b and d

  3. A, c and d

  4. A, b, c and d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A human body has a different type of cells which shows different types of movements at different places in the body.

These movements include:-
  • Amoeboid movement, for example, white blood cells show this type of movement. 
  • Ciliary in the respiratory tract, 
  • Muscular is the most common type of movement for both voluntary and involuntary movements.
So the correct answer is 'Amoeboid, Ciliary and muscular'.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

Read the following statements and state true (T) or false (F) regarding cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells.
A cilium or a flagellum is not covered with plasma membrane.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cilia or flagella can be defined as projections from the cell which are made up of microtubules.
  • It consists of a central core (two microtubules) that is surrounded by an outer ring of nine pairs of microtubules (9+2 arrangement).
  • The outer ring of microtubules is surrounded by an extension of the cell membrane.
So the correct answer is 'False'.
Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

What is common between a Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic flagella?

  1. Same structure

  2. Both are used for locomotion

  3. Composed of same proteins

  4. Both are extension of cell membrane
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

While prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ significantly in structure, protein composition, and mechanism of movement, both serve the common function of locomotion.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

The obilique and parallely arranged strips which are responsible for metaboly are present in

  1. Flagella

  2. Paraflagellar body

  3. Cytoplasm

  4. Pellicle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The body of euglenoids are covered by a thin pellicle, that has oblique but parallelly arranged stripes. It provides it the flexibility to cause temporary changes in body shape. The pellicle strips slide over one another to help in metabolic. So, the correct option is 'Pellicle'.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

Read the following statements and state true (T) or false (F) regarding cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells.
Cilia are small structures which work like oars, causing the movement of the surrounding fluid.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • A cilium is an organelle found on eukaryotic cells and are slender, small protuberances that project from the much larger cell body.
  • It works like oars, causing the movement of the surrounding fluid. They are primarily responsible for locomotion, either of the cell itself or of fluids on the cell surface.
  • Hence Cilia are small structures which work like oars, causing the movement of the surrounding fluid is a True statement.
  • So, the correct answer is 'True'.
Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

The flagella of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in

  1. Microtubular organization and function.

  2. Type of movement and placement in cell.

  3. Location in cell and mode of functioning.

  4. Microtubular organization and type of movement.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Flagella are long, whip-like projection or appendages of cells used in motility. These are made up of microtubules (long, slender, protein tubes) and help propel cells and organisms in a whip-like motion. These are organelles defined by function rather than structure. There are large differences between different types of flagella pf prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The flagella differ greatly in protein composition, structure, and mechanism of propulsion. 
The flagellum of eukaryotes usually moves with an S motion and is surrounded by cell membrane. 
Multiple choice zoology locomotion and reproduction flagella other cell components single membrane bound organelles

The cilia and flagella both have

  1. 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules.

  2. Protective structure of cells.

  3. Only present in protozoa animals.

  4. Only outgrowth structure of cytoplasm.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A cilium is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Cilia are slender protuberances that project from the much larger cell body. Inside cilia and flagella, is a microtubule-based cytoskeleton called the axoneme. The axoneme of primary cilia typically has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets (called a 9+0 axoneme) and the axoneme of a motile cilium has two central microtubule singlets in addition to the nine outer doublets (called a 9+2 axoneme). A flagellum is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Flagella also has 9+2 arrangement of microtubules. They both contains inner growth along with outer growth of cytoplasm. They both are not the protective structures.