Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

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The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice biology the life cycle of animals types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous a study on animals

Offsprings of oviparous animals are at greater risk of survival as compared to those of viviparous animals because

  1. Proper embryonic care and protection is absent

  2. Embryo does not develop completely

  3. Progenies are of smaller size

  4. Genetic variations do not occur
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
In oviparous animals such as reptiles and birds, fertilised eggs are covered by hard calcareous shell and are laid in a safe place. After incubation period, young ones hatch out. In viviparous animals such as majority of mammals including human beings, the zygote develops into a young one inside the body of the female individual. After a certain growth, young ones are delivered by the female individual. Due to proper care and protection, the chances of survival of young ones are more in viviparous individuals.
So, the correct answer is 'Proper embryonic care and protection is absent'.
Multiple choice biology cell biology cell as structural and functional unit introduction to cell biology cell : the basis of life

The cell theory is not applicable to____________

  1. Bacteria

  2. Algae

  3. Virus

  4. Fungi
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The bottom line is that viruses are not alive and not related to cells in any way. The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function of living things and that all cells come from other cells. Since, viruses are not made of cells and do not use cells in any of their processes, they are not related to the cell theory.

A virus is nothing more than a protein coat surrounding a piece of DNA or RNA. Sure, they can adapt to the environment and respond to stimuli, but they do not use energy, nor do they grow. These are all characteristics of cells.

Multiple choice biology cell biology cell as structural and functional unit introduction to cell biology cell : the basis of life

Which of the following statement is not a statement from the cell theory?

  1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

  2. Cells are the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently.

  3. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms.

  4. All cells come from preexisting living cells.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The cell theory is one of the basic principles of biology. The credit for the formulation of this theory is given to German scientists, Theodor Schwann, Mattias Schleiden. Cell theory, stated that cells arise from pre-existing cells. They donot have the potential to replicate independently. They depend upon the parent cell,  for the enzymes which are used for replication.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology cell biology cell as structural and functional unit introduction to cell biology cell : the basis of life

Which of the following is not a characteristic of living things?

  1. Perform cellular respiration

  2. Regulate their internal environment

  3. Reproduce

  4. Change their external environment

  5. Pass traits to offspring
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All the given characteristics are peculiar and prominent for the living things.
Living things cannot change their external environment, as because the external environment depends upon the several biogeographical factors. Living things adjust themselves according to external environment, as they have immense potential of homeostasis, which helps them to acclimatize according to the changing environment.  Skin and the hormonal response helps to sense the changing condition which is further analyzed by the brain in parietal lobe.

Multiple choice biology cell biology cell as structural and functional unit introduction to cell biology cell : the basis of life

In view of the current status of our knowledge about the cell structure, which of the following statement(s) about cell theory is/are correct?
(i) The cell theory does not hold good since all living organisms are not cellular in organisation.
(ii) The cell theory in its modified form means that all living objects are composed of cells capable of reproduction.
(iii) The cell theory means that all living objects consist of cells, whether reproducing or not.
(iv) The cell theory needed modification due to the discovery of sub-cellular structures such as chloroplasts and mitochondria.

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (i), (ii) and (iii)

  3. Only (i)

  4. (ii) and (iii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The cell theory is one of the basic principles of biology. Credit for the formulation of this theory is given to German scientists Theodor Schwann, Matthias Schleiden and Rudolph Virchow.
The cell theory states-

1) All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular.
2) Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
3) All living organism like virus are not formed by cells. 

Multiple choice biology cell biology cell as structural and functional unit introduction to cell biology cell : the basis of life

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.


Which is not true about the cell theory?

  1. It states that all organisms are composed of cells

  2. It states that all cells come from pre-existing cells

  3. It states that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously

  4. It is accepted today by biologists as applying to virtually all forms of life
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

According to the cell theory all organisms (unicellular or multicellular) are formed of cells. It also states that all cells arise from pre-existing cells by cell division and do not originate spontaneously. Bacteria and other organisms therefore cannot arise spontaneously. So, the correct answer is 'It states that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously'.

Multiple choice botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

Restriction enzymes are isolated chiefly from

  1. Algae

  2. Fungi

  3. Protozoa

  4. Prokaryotes

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Restriction endonucleases are enzymes, isolated chiefly from prokaryotes, that recognize specific nucleotide sequences within double stranded DNA and cleaves it at these sites. These restriction endonucleases facilitate the specific fragmentation of double stranded DNA and are very useful for DNA sequence analysis. These enzymes can be classified into three groups. Type I and type III enzymes carry a modification (methylation) and an ATP requiring restriction (cleavage) activity within the same protein. Both types of enzymes identify unmethylated sequences in substrate DNA, but type I enzymes cleave randomly, whereas type III enzymes cut DNA at specific sites. Type II restriction enzyme consist of a separate restriction endonuclease and a modification methylase. 
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction why do plants reproduce? reproduction and variation the life cycle of plants

Polylecithal egg of reptiles, bird and monotremes are also called "cleidoic" egg because these

  1. Have calcareous shell and other membrane.

  2. Are an adaptation to terrestrial life.

  3. Have self sufficient food, water and salt.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cleidoic eggs are those eggs, which have a protective shell, and are laid out of water. The shell is porous to air, and may be flexible or calcareous (hard). The eggs contain all the food the embryo needs to develop into a hatchling. The significance of the cleidoic egg is that it enables reproduction out of, and often away from, water. The eggs of insects and birds, which is enclosed in a protective shell limiting the exchange of water, gases, etc. These type of eggs are found in reptiles, birds and insects. Hence, option A is correct.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction why do plants reproduce? reproduction and variation the life cycle of plants

Cleidoic eggs are characteristic of

  1. Mammals

  2. Reptiles, birds and insects

  3. Insects only

  4. Fishes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cleidoic eggs are those eggs, which have a protective shell, and are laid out of water. 
  • The shell is porous to air, and maybe flexible or calcareous (hard). The eggs contain all the food the embryo needs to develop into a hatchling. 
  • The significance of the cleidoic egg is that it enables reproduction out of, and often away from, water. 
  • The eggs of insects and birds, which is enclosed in a protective shell limiting the exchange of water, gases, etc. These types of eggs are found in reptiles, birds, and insects. Hence, option B is correct.
Multiple choice biology butterfly and honey bee life cycle of a butterfly metamorphosis in frogs the life of a butterfly types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous

Which one of the following is a matching pair of an animal and a certain phenomenon it exhibits?

  1. Pheretima-Sexual dimorphism

  2. Musca-Complete metamorphosis

  3. Chameleon-Mimicry

  4. Taenia-Polymorphism.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Pheretima does not exhibit sexual dimorphism as there is no phenotypic difference between males and females of the same species.
The Musca or the housefly shows complete metamorphosis. It is the phenomenon in which the organism passes through all the four stages of the life cycle. The four distinct stages are as the egg,  larval or maggot, pupal and adult stages. The adult lays the fertilized eggs and the egg hatches to form the larvae. The larvae develop into a pupa and then the pupa is transformed to adult. 
Chameleon exhibits the change of their skin colouration and pattern through a combination of various colours.
Taenia does not exhibit polymorphism.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Multiple choice biology butterfly and honey bee life cycle of a butterfly metamorphosis in frogs the life of a butterfly types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous

After the rain, tadpoles were found swimming in a pond but not the frogs. This is due to 

  1. Lack of pituitary hormones

  2. Lack of sex hormones

  3. Lack of thyroxine

  4. Lack of nitrogen in water
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Tadpole is one of the developmental stages in the life cycle of frogs. The larvae are free-swimming forms which are found in the water. The larvae get metamorphosed to form the adult frog. The thyroid hormones are required for the control and regulation of the events which take place during metamorphosis. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Multiple choice biology butterfly and honey bee life cycle of a butterfly metamorphosis in frogs the life of a butterfly types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous

Axolotl larva shows
i. Neoteny and paedogenesis
ii. Absence of thyroxine affects metamorphosis 
iii. It is hemichordate

  1. i, ii and iii correct

  2. i and ii correct

  3. ii and iii correct

  4. iii correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The remarkable axolotl or Ambystoma mexicanum is part of the family of 'mole salamanders', but exhibits an unusual and extreme trait known as neoteny, or paedomorphosis. This is the retention of larval stage characteristics throughout life, so axolotls usually never fully resemble an adult salamander. It is a urochordate.

So, the correct option is ‘i and ii correct’.

Multiple choice biology butterfly and honey bee life cycle of a butterfly metamorphosis in frogs the life of a butterfly types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous

Axolotl larva of Ambystoma/tadpole of frog normally fails to metamorphose due to

  1. Lack of Ca and Mg in water

  2. Absence of phosphorus in water

  3. High concentration of iodine in water

  4. Lack of iodine in water
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gudernatsch discovered that metamorphosis in frog's tadpole begins only when adequate amount of thyroxine is secreted by the thyroid of the tadpole. It was also found that hyposecretion of thyroxine retards and hypersecretion enhances the rate of metamorphosis. In the hilly tracts of North America from whose soil all iodine has been washed away by rainwater, the tadpoles of Ambystoma probably never metamorphose. Therefore, these tadpoles grow to a large size and attain sexual maturity,i.e., these become paedogenetic larvae. This phenomenon is called paedogenesis. The paedogenetic larvae of Ambystoma are called Axolotl larvae. Addition of thyroxine or iodine in pond water naturally induces and enhances metamorphosis in the tadpoles.

 So, the correct answer is 'Lack of iodine in water'.

Multiple choice biology butterfly and honey bee life cycle of a butterfly metamorphosis in frogs the life of a butterfly types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous

What is a common feature between amphibians and insects?

  1. Larval forms and metamorphosis

  2. Morphology

  3. Mode of reproduction

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Both amphibians and insects have larval forms. They also undergo a process called metamorphosis to come out of the larval stage. In addition to that both use DNA, RNA, ATP, the basic metabolic processes are the same. They are  multicellular organisms. they have a bilateral symmetry, they are both eukaryotes. They have  specializations of cells in regard to sensory, reproductive and metabolic systems. 

So, the correct answer is 'Larval forms and metamorphosis'