Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

3,323 Questions

The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Which one of the following is a chordate but not a vertebrate?

  1. Scoliodon

  2. Salamender

  3. Amphioxus

  4. Snake
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Amphioxus also known as lancelet is a fish-like marine chordate. Unlike vertebrates, the dorsal nerve cord is not protected by bone but by a simpler notochord made up of a cylinder of cells that are closely packed to form a toughened rod. The lancelet notochord, unlike the vertebrate spine, extends into the head and therefore they are placed in subphylum Cephalochordata. Hence, option C is correct.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

The mode of coelom formation in Hemichordata are

  1. Enterocoelus

  2. Pseudocoelous

  3. Schizcoelous

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hemichordates are enterocoelous coelomates with radial cleavage. Enterocoelic coelom (enterocoel) develops as mesodermal pouches, arising from the gut of the embryo. 

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

The larval form of Hemichordata is called as 

  1. Trochophore

  2. Tornaria

  3. Tadpole

  4. Ammocete
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A tornaria is the planktonic larva of some species of Hemichordata. Trochophore is the larva of marine annelids and most groups of molluscs.
A tadpole is a larval stage in the life cycle of an amphibian. Ammocoete is the larval stage of lamprey.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Protochordates are 

  1. Mucous feeders

  2. Water current feeders

  3. Ciliary feeders

  4. Predators
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Protochordates are the invertebrate members of Chordata and include urochordates (sea squirts) and cephalochordates (amphioxus, lancelets). Cephalochordates are filter feeders that use cilia to generate a current of water and phytoplankton particles into the mouth. 

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Kidneys of protochordates are

  1. Protonephric

  2. Mesonephric

  3. Metanephric

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Protochordates consists of the organisms that are categorized under subphyla Urochordata and Cephalochordata. Protochordates are also called as Acraniata, due to the lack of head and cranium. These organisms are extremely marine and have small sized bodies. In protochordates, kidneys contain protonephridia, whereas, in euchordates, kidneys contain meso- or metanephridia.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Body wall of Hemichordates is composed of 

  1. Only epidermis

  2. Only dermis

  3. Epidermis and dermis both

  4. Mucous glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hemichordata is a phylum of marine deuterostome animals. They show characteristics of both Echinoderm and Chordates. They show bilateral symmetry and are triploblastic. Body is unicellular and is composed of epidermis. Body consists of three regions, proboscis, collar and trunk.

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

All protochordates are

  1. Aquatic

  2. Marine

  3. Fresh water

  4. All of the the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Protochordates are closely related to vertebrates. They differ from the chordate by not having a backbone. They are marine worms that share some, but not all of the characteristics of chordates. All living protochordate are strictly marine and are isosmotic with the sea.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

.................. are included under protochordata.

  1. Cephalochordata

  2. Urochordata

  3. Hemichordata

  4. All the the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Protochordates are closely related to vertebrates. These lack some of the peculiar characteristics of chordates like the true skull, brain, skeleton. These are invertebrates. This group is composed of the phylum Hemichordata and the subphylum Urochordata and Cephalochordata.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

__________ has a notochord but no vertebral column.

  1. Amphioxus

  2. Petromyzon

  3. Tadpole larva of urodeles

  4. Myxine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Amphioxus or lancelets comprise approximately of 32 species of fish-like marine chordates. In the lancelet, there is a nerve cord above the notochord, but no cranium or vertebrae or eyes.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Notochord of Hemichordata is also termed as 

  1. Buccal diverticulum

  2. Midgut diverticulum

  3. Intestinal diverticulum

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Buccal diverticulum is a short and thick-walled projection which extend forwards through the proboscis stalk into the proboscis coelom. This is a hollow tube like projection. This is a tubular outgrowth from the mouth cavity forward into the proboscis.The wall is composed of a single layer of tall and vacuolated endodermal cell. Hemichordata is known as half chordate because of the buccal diverticulum. The structure resembles like a rudimentary notochord present in the dorsal or back side and supporting axis for primitive vertebrates. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Coleom divided into three parts in 

  1. Balanoglossus

  2. Amphioxus

  3. Hermania

  4. Petromyzon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Early developmental stages of Balanoglossus possess a spacious coelom, lined with peritoneum. It is enterocoeles in origin, as the adult condition is attained, the coelomic epithelium gives rise to the connective tissue and muscle fibers. Hence, the coelomic cavity is obliterated. The coelom as a whole is divided into three parts. These include one cavity in proboscis, (protocoel), two in the collar, (mesocoel) and two in the trunk (metacoel).

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Tornania larva is characteristics of

  1. Hemichordates

  2. Urochordates

  3. Cephalochordates

  4. Vertebrates
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A tornania is the planktonic larva of some species of Hemichordata. It is very similar in appearance to the bipinnaria larvae of starfishes, with convoluted bands of cilia running around the body. Hemichordata is a phylum of marine deuterostome animals.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Prochordates lack 

  1. Cranium and vertebral column

  2. Jaws and vertebral column

  3. Paired appendages

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Protochordates are an informal category of animals (i.e., not a proper taxonomic group). This group has the animals that possess some but not all characteristics of chordates. They have pharyngeal gill slits and a dorsal nerve cord, however, they lack vertebral column and paired appendages.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Hemichordata are not regarded as true chordates, because

  1. They do not have pharyngeal gill slits

  2. Their notochord is not a true notochord

  3. They do not have dorsal hollow nerve cord

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hemichordates share some but not all of the typical chordate characteristics and hence, are not true chordates.
There is a rudimentary structure in the collar region, the stomochord, that is similar to a notochord. There is a dorsal nerve cord, in addition to a smaller ventral nerve cord.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Notochord is extended up to head and is retained throughout life in 

  1. Branchiostoma

  2. Herdamania

  3. Balanoglossus

  4. Frog
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Branchiostoma is one of the few living genera of lancelets. They do not have a true head, but merely a mouth adjacent to the gill slits with the slightly enlarged anterior end of the dorsal nerve cord above and in front of them. In Brannchiostoma, the notochord is extended up to the head and is retained throughout its life.

So, the correct answer is option A.