Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

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The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice biology body movement gait of animals basics of joints joints and type of joints

The mallard duck possesses a keeled sternum. What is the function of this specialised bone structure?

  1. To provide stability in water

  2. To provide a site of attachment for the large flight muscles

  3. To increase the body's surface area for heat exchange

  4. It is a weapon used in sexual competition between males
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A keel in bird anatomy is an extension of the sternum (breastbone) which runs axially along the midline of the sternum and extends outward, perpendicular to the plane of the ribs.
In birds, the sternum (typically) has a keel-like projection to which the pectoral muscles attach; these muscles provide the all-important downstroke in powered flight. In contrast, flightless birds lack a keeled sternum -- if you don't have big, strong flight muscles, you don't need a keel to attach them to.
Multiple choice biology movements gait of animals basics of joints joints and type of joints skeleton, joints and muscles

In which bones shall have Haversian system ___________.

  1. Panther

  2. Python

  3. Pigeon

  4. Pipe Fish
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • The osteon or Haversian system is the fundamental functional unit of much compact bone. 
  • Osteons are roughly cylindrical structures. 
  • Presence of the Haversian system is a typical character of mammalian bone. Panther is a mammal. Hence, bones of panther shall have a Haversian system.
So, the correct answer is 'panther'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements. This leads us to which of the following as a probable hypothesis ?

  1. Disruption of one of these types of structure should necessarily disrupt each of the others as well.

  2. Loss of basal bodies should lead to loss of all cilia, flagella and centrioles

  3. Motor proteins such as dynein must have evolved before any of these four kinds of structure.

  4. Natural selection for motility must select for microtubular arrays in circular patterns.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,D Correct answer
Multiple choice botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

Select the true statements out of the following.
(A) VAM is useful for phosphate absorption.
(B) Most of the lichens are ascolichens.
(C) Trebouxia is most common phycobiont in lichens.

  1. Only A and B

  2. Only B and C

  3. Only C

  4. A, B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens are classified as per their fungal component and the species  are given the same binomial name as per the fungus species in the lichen. The  partner in a lichen which enables photosynthesis is called as photobiont and the algal photobionts are called as phycobionts. Trebouxia, a genus of green algae is most common phycobiont and occurs in 40% of all lichens.
Since, the fungal component of the lichen may be a ascomycete or a basidiomycete, the associated lichens to ascomycetes are called as ascolichens.
Vesicular Arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM fungi) forms symbiosis with higher plants. This type of symbiosis helps in the intake of nutrients especially phosphorus.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice evs earth - our home need to conserve biodiversity protecting our environment rules are for everyone

Organism living in cold areas have shorter extremities than the organisms of warm area. It states

  1. Graubaer's law

  2. Dollo's law

  3. Allen's law

  4. Bergman's law
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The climatic conditions in a particular area regulate the  physiological and the morphological characteristics of plants or animals. Allen's rule is a biological rule by Joel Asaph Allen in 1877. It states that the organism adjusts in the given climatic conditions by either minimizing exposed surface area to minimize heat loss in cold climates or maximizing exposed surface area to maximize heat loss in hot climates. The rule predicts that endotherms from hot climates usually have ears, tails, limbs, snouts, etc that are long and thin, while equivalent animals from cold climates usually have shorter and thicker versions of those body parts. 

Allen's rule predicts that endothermic animals with the same body volume should have different surface areas that will either aid or impede their heat dissipation.

Multiple choice botany transpiration guttation excretion in plants long distance transport of water

Guttation occurs through

  1. Hydathodes

  2. Lenticels

  3. Cuticle

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The process of exudation of sap on the tips or edges of leaves in plant is called guttation. It takes place only under certain conditions like cold and high relative humidity in the atmosphere. It occurs through the specialized structures called hydathodes. They are generally restricted to the apex or the edges of the margins of leaves. Structurally, hydathodes consist of a simple pore in the epidermal layer found at the tip.


Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Choose the feature not associated with organism found in tropical deserts

  1. Small body size

  2. Large surface area relative to their volume

  3. Large body extremities

  4. Small surface area relative to their volume
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Tropical desert areas are those where there is scarcity of water and extensive heat. Organisms in those areas adapt to survive in that ecological condition. Adaptations like thorns and succulents in flora helps the plants to survive without plenty of water. The leaves and stems undergo modification to conduct photosynthesis in less available water. Animals like frogs, rabbits, snakes, camels, etc. also go through modification in their characteristics to ensure their survival. Large surface of an any organism can lead to radiation of more body heat per unit of mass which can be fatal. Hence, such adaptations is not seen in organisms present in tropical desert.

So the correct option is 'large surface area relative to their volume'

Multiple choice biology environmental science plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat

The bats are able to fly in dark since their mouth produce

  1. Sound waves

  2. Ultrasonic waves

  3. Infrared rays

  4. Ultraviolet rays
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Every night a bat puts in 600-700 kilometres of airtime. Flying low, the animals catch insects at speeds of around 40 metres per second. At night the bat uses its hearing to navigate its way to prey. Bats catch insects continuously using echolocation, an advanced navigation system. The bat emits ultrasonic waves with very high frequencies. Its calls are pitched at 20-100 kilohertz, a frequency that is too high-pitched for humans to hear naturally. Their sounds are reflected in the environment, hitting various objects and returning to the bat as echoes. The echo signals enable the bat to form a mental map of its surroundings.
So the correct option is 'ultrasonic waves'.
Multiple choice biology adapting to a habit extreme adaptations adaptive features adaptations of organisms

Organisms may avoid stressful conditions by suspending their activities for sometime.If they do it to avoid high temperature it is called________ and if they do it to avoid low temperature then it is called ________ .

  1. aestivation, miigration

  2. migration, hibernation

  3. asetivation, hibernation

  4. hibernation, asetivation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,C Correct answer
Explanation

Various organisms, if unable to migrate, might avoid the unfavorable environment by escaping in time. Polar bears go into hibernation during winter seasons to escape extreme cold. Some snails and fish undergo aestivastion to avoid summer-related problems like heat and desiccation, etc. 

Multiple choice inferences from the text reading comprehension english

The question in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages For some question ,more than one of the choices could conceivably answer ; that is , the response that most accurately and completely that are by common sense standards implausible superfluous or incompatible with the passage.

Science columnist : it is clear why human have so many diseases in common with cats. Many human diseases are genetically based , and mammals expect nonhuman primates Each of the genes identified so far in cats has an exact counterpart in humans.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the science columnist 's explanation for the claim that humans have so many disease in common with cats?

  1. Cats have build up resistance to many of the diseases they have in common with humans.

  2. Most disease that human have in common with cats have no genetic basis.

  3. Cats have more disease in common with nonhuman primates than with humans.

  4. Many of the diseases human have in common with cats are mild and are rarely diagnosed.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Option (b) weakened because it states that the diereses  that human and cats have in common are not genetic in nature . Thus, it negates the science columnist's reasoning of humans and cats having similar diseases because of their genetic similarity. 

Multiple choice inferences from the text reading comprehension english
Read the passage given below and pick the option that best fits the question that follows:

Popular illusions about birds extend further than the use of the word 'egg-shape' that would suggest that all eggs are alike. For instance, there is the popular idea that owls hoot. Actually, only very few owls hoot and these include the common brown or tawny wood owl. The white barn owl screeches; the little owl has a wailing cry, the long-. eared owl barks; and the short-eared owl snorts! Another mistaken idea is that all ducks 'quack' because the common farmyard duck is a domesticated form of the common wild duck or mallard that quacks. Actually, most wild ducks call with whistles.


The impression created by repeating the terms, 'popular' and 'common' are:

  1. human beings are closely attached to birds.

  2. our ideas about birds are derived from the most common types.

  3. owls and ducks are our favourite birds.

  4. domesticated birds are our source of information about the bird world.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Here, the words "popular" and "common" imply general ideas. We derive these "popular" ideas by observing only the common types of birds and make a generalization. This claim is supported by the statement: "For instance, there is the popular idea that owls hoot. Actually, only very few owls hoot and these include the common brown or tawny wood owl." So, the answer to the required question is option B.