Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

Taxonomy is the study of science concerned with classification according to their natural relationships. Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the father of taxonomy as he developed a system for categorization of organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms. But Taxonomy's first father was the philosopher Aristotle, he first introduced the two key concepts of taxonomy: classification of organisms by type and binomial definition. Therefore founder of taxonomy is Aristotle. Hence option A is correct.

The term taxonomy was coined by De Candolle. It is defined as the classification of living organisms into different groups based on their nomenclature. Three main objectives of taxonomy are Identification, Nomenclature and Classification.

Rudolph Jakob Camerarius is credited with the discovery of sexuality in plants in his work 'De Sexu Plantarum Epistola'.

• Initially, the Phylogenetic system was proposed by Engler and Prantl. In their treatise 'Die Naturlichen Pflanzen Familien', they arranged the flowering plants according to the increasing complexity of their floral morphology. 
  
• John Hutchinson was a British botanist associated with Royal botanic gardens, Kew, England.  His phylogenetic system first appeared as  "The Families of Flowering plants " in two volumes. 
• Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist who formalized binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as  The Father of Taxonomy. 
• George Bentham was an English botanist whose classification of seed plants (Spermatophyta), based on an exhaustive study of all known species, served as a foundation for modern systems of vascular plant taxonomy.

Ther term taxonomy is introduced by Carl Linnaeus. He is called as the father of taxonomy. He developed taxonomic hierarchy. It is also called as Linnaeus hierarchy. In it, domain is the highest rank followed by kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Species is the lowest rank in the hierarchy. 

Waksman is credited with coining the term antibiotics, to describe compounds derived from other living organisms such as penicillin, though the term was first used by the French dermatologist François Henri Hallopeau, in 1871, to describe a substance opposed to the development of life

Hippocrates believed that disease caused inside the body is due to a natural cause not by gods and superstition. He gave humor theory based on the black bile produced, which was later rejected.

Louis Pasteur's work on pasteurization and germ theory made it possible to ensure the safety and quality of milk by killing harmful bacteria.

A pure culture is a laboratory culture containing a single species of microorganisms. A pure culture was usually derived from a mixed culture (culture containing many species of organisms) by transferring a small sample into a new, sterile growth medium. Robert Koch developed solid culture media and the methods for obtaining pure cultures of bacteria.

The more formal experiments on the relationship between germ and disease were conducted by Louis Pasteur between the year 1860 and 1864. He discovered the pathology of the puerperal fever and the pyrogenic vibrio in the blood, and suggested using boric acid to kill these microorganisms before and after confinement.

The process of fermentation is the form of anaerobic respiration carried by some microorganisms. Many microorganisms such as fungus and bacteria can grow and flourish in the complete absence of oxygen. Such microorganisms can utilize sugars to convert it into ethanol or other products and evolve carbon dioxide. Cruickshank used the term 'fermentation' for this process of anaerobic respiration by the microorganisms.