General Awareness · Science General

Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

4,616 Questions

This hub provides questions related to great inventors and their scientific discoveries. It covers the inventors of the telephone, radio, and microchips, alongside Nobel Prize winners. These facts are crucial for the general awareness section of major competitive exams.

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Inventors and Scientific Discoveries Questions

Multiple choice zoology evolution of life darwin's theory of evolution process of evolution lamarckism


The use and disuse principle of evolution was proposed by

  1. Charles Darwin

  2. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

  3. August Weismann

  4. Hugo de Vries
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Charles Darwin proposed the principle of natural selection , August Weismann proposed the theory of  continuity of germ plasm , Hugo de Vries proposed mutation theory of evolution , and Jean Baptiste de Lamarck proposed the use and disuse theory of evolution .

Multiple choice zoology evolution of life darwin's theory of evolution process of evolution lamarckism

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Which of the following was most likely a proponent of the hypothesis of acquired traits

  1. Charles Darwin

  2. Jean Baptiste Lamarck

  3. August Weismann

  4. H. W. Bates
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Lamarck is best known for his "Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics", first presented in 1801. If an organism changes during life in order to adapt to its environment, those changes are passed on to its offspring.

So correct answer is B, Jean Baptiste Lamarck.

Multiple choice zoology evolution of life darwin's theory of evolution process of evolution lamarckism

Who out of the following, had the strong opinion that acquired characteristics are inherited?

  1. Lamarck

  2. Lysenko

  3. Mendel

  4. Huxley
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Lamarck suggested "Inheritance of Acquired Characters" and was of the opinion that the characters that an organisms acquires during his lifetime are passed on to the next generation. However, he failed to understand the distinction between inherited and non-inherited characters.

Multiple choice zoology evolution of life darwin's theory of evolution process of evolution lamarckism

The scientist who first stressed on adaptation as a means of evolutionary modification was 

  1. Huxley

  2. Weismann

  3. Charles Lyell

  4. Lamarck
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The first theory of evolution was proposed by Jean Baptiste de Lamarck. Lamarckism proposed

  • Some internal forces are present in all organisms. By the presence of these forces, the organism has the tendency to increase the size of their organs or the entire body.
  • Environment influences all type of organisms. Changing environment give rise to new needs. New needs or desires produce new structure and change habits of the organism.
  • If an organ is constantly used, it would be better developed whereas disuse of organ results in its degeneration.

So, the correct option is 'Lamarck'

Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

Who proposed the principle of "Induced fit"?

  1. Jacob

  2. Fischer

  3. Koshland

  4. Laderberg
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The induced-fit model is proposed by Daniel Koshland in 1958. It is the most accepted model for enzyme-substrate complex. It describes the formation of the Enzyme substrate as a result of the interaction between the substrate and a flexible active site which means exposure of an enzyme to a substrate causes the active site of the enzyme to change shape in order to allow the enzyme and substrate to bind. Hence option C is correct.

Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

Ribozyme was discovered by

  1. Kuhne

  2. Duclaux

  3. Cech et al

  4. Altman et al
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ribozymes are also known as ribonucleic acid enzymes. These are RNA molecules which helps in the catalysis of a particular reaction. It was discovered in the year 1982. The RNA can act as both genetic material and can act as a biocatalyst. It acts as a part of ribosome which attaches to the amino acid during protein synthesis. Thomas R. Cech and Sidney Altman discovered catalytic properties of RNA. So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

Who coined the term enzyme?

  1. Pasteur

  2. Buchner

  3. Kuhne

  4. Sumner
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Enzymes are biological catalysts, which activate various biochemical reactions of a living cell in a highly specific and precise manner. Enzymology is the study of enzymes. The name enzyme was coined by Kuhne in 1878. Pasteur recognised that some microorganisms like yeasts have got a capacity to cause fermentation in wine. In 1897, Buchner discovered that yeast extract could bring about fermentation of grape juice, like the living yeast cells. He also observed that the extract has lost its catalytic activity on boiling. He coined the word zymase for the active principle involved in the fermentation. The substance on which the enzyme acts is called substrate. Enzymes are essentially proteins but all proteins are not enzymes.

Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

What did Kuhne do?

  1. Discovered parathyroid

  2. Coined the term enzyme

  3. Coined the term gene

  4. Discovered enzyme
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • In 1897, Eduard Buchner discovered that yeast extracts could ferment sugar to alcohol, proving that fermentation was promoted by molecules that continued to function when removed from cells. Frederick W. Khne called these molecules like enzymes.
    Hence, the correct option is B.
Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

Enzyme were discovered for the first time in

  1. Bacteria

  2. Yeast

  3. Algae

  4. Spinach
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Enzymes are biological catalysts, which activate various biochemical reactions of a living cell in a highly specific and precise manner. Enzymology is the study of enzymes. The name enzyme was coined by Kuhne in 1878. Pasteur recognised that some microorganisms like yeasts have got a capacity to cause fermentation in wine. In 1897, Buchner discovered that yeast extract could bring about fermentation of grape juice, like the living yeast cells. He also observed that the extract has lost its catalytic activity on boiling. He coined the word zymase for the active principle involved in the fermentation. The substance on which the enzyme acts is called substrate. Enzymes are essentially proteins but all proteins are not enzymes.

Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

Who coined the term zymase? 

  1. Pasteur

  2. Buchner

  3. Kuhne

  4. Sumner
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Buchner coined the term zymase for the complex of biocatalysts extracted from yeast and taking part in alcoholic fermentation. Pasteur is responsible for the process of pasteurization and Kuhne is best known today for coining the word enzyme.

Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

Match the scientists and their contribution given in the columns.


Scientists Contribution
A. Pasteur p. Beer and butter milk are products of fermentation by yeast
B. Hansen q. Diastase
C. Payen and Persoz  r. Purified rennet 
D. Waksman s. Streptomycin

  1. A - p, B - q, C - r, D - s

  2. A - p, B - r, C - q, D - s

  3. A - p, B - s, C - r, D - q

  4. A - s, B - r, C - q, D - p
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The scientists listed in question had made some of the most outstanding contributions.
Pasteur discovered fermentation.  The biochemical process carried out by yeast which results in fermented products like beer and butter milk.
The first commercial standardized rennet was introduced by Chr Hansen in 1874. At that time, rudimentary methods were used to extract animal rennet from calves or adult bovine stomachs.
Diastase was the first enzyme discovered. It was extracted from malt solution in 1833 by Anselme Payen and Jean-Franois Persoz, chemists at a French sugar factory.
Waksman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in recognition for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic active against tuberculosis.

Multiple choice organization of commerce and management entrepreneurship opportunities for an entrepreneur small business and enterprises entrepreneurship development

Who suggests that the process of innovation is actually of spontaneous "undeliberate learning"?

  1. David Ricardo

  2. Kirzner

  3. Adam Smith

  4. John Stuart Mill
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Kirzner suggests that the process of innovation is actually of spontaneous "Undeliberate Learning" (1985). Thus, the necessary characteristics of entrepreneurship is alertness and recognizing the upcoming opportunities.

Multiple choice organization of commerce and management entrepreneurship opportunities for an entrepreneur small business and enterprises entrepreneurship development

Who suggests that the process of innovation is actually of spontaneous " undeliberate learning"?

  1. Knight

  2. Kirzner

  3. John Stuart Mill

  4. David Ricardo
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Knight claims that an entrepreneur will be able to bear the risk of a new venture if he believes that there is a significant chance of profits.