General Awareness · Science General

Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

4,616 Questions

This hub provides questions related to great inventors and their scientific discoveries. It covers the inventors of the telephone, radio, and microchips, alongside Nobel Prize winners. These facts are crucial for the general awareness section of major competitive exams.

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Inventors and Scientific Discoveries Questions

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

'Tornaria' was first described by 

  1. J. Muller in 1850

  2. Delle Chiaea in 1829

  3. Eschscholtz in 1850

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The structure of 'tornaria larva' was first described by J. Muller in 1850. He suspected it to be the larva of starfish. Later, in 1869, Metchinkoff found that it was the larva of Balanoglossus clavigerus. The name tornaria was given to it because of its habitat of rotating in circles.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany biodiversity and classification common diseases in humans epidemics transmission of diseases

Who gave the parasitic nature of fungus in plant?

  1. Pasteur

  2. Anton De Bary

  3. Robert Koch

  4. J.F. Kuhn
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Bacterial nature of Anthrax disease in animals was studied by Robert Koch. He used gelatin as solidifying agent in culture media, which is replaced by Agar-Agar. Koch postulates are applicable to bacteria and fungi as pathogen.

Multiple choice botany classification of plants common diseases in humans epidemics transmission of diseases

Heterothallism was discovered by

  1. Blakeslee

  2. Mehta

  3. Pasteur

  4. Alexopolous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The term heterothallism was first used by Blakeslee in 1904 for the condition of sexual reproduction which he found in certain species of Mucorales, such that 'conjugation is possible only through the interaction of two differing thalli.

Therefore A is the correct option. 

Multiple choice botany classification of plants common diseases in humans epidemics transmission of diseases

Identify the scientists who worked extensively on chlorophyllous and non chlorophyllous thallophytes respectively :
(a) Iyengar
(b) Swaminathan
(c) Mehta
(d) Maheshwari

  1. a, d

  2. b, c

  3. c, d

  4. a, c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Iyengar and mehta are scientists who worked extensively on chlorophyllous and non chlorophyllous thallophytes.

So the correct option is D.

Multiple choice business organisation and correspondence environmental pollution and industries air pollution and its effects the environment and us environment and conservation

The term smog was coined by

  1. Fourier

  2. Des Voeux

  3. Schouw

  4. Ashbel
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A. Fourier was a French mathemathician who discovered how global warming occurs due to rise in temperature of earth's surface.
B. Des Voeux coined the term smog in 1905 to describe the condition of fog which has smoke in it.
C. J.F. Schouw was a Danish botanist who worked on phytogeography and origin of species and their evolution.
D. Ashbel with the expertise in biology and medicine worked on various scientific aspects.
So, the correct answer is 'Des Voeux'.
Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Who was Paul Ehrlich?

  1. Bacteriologist

  2. Chemist

  3. Botanist

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Paul Ehrlich was a German Bacteriologist. He prepared compounds containing arsenic for treating syphilis. In 1908, he got the Nobel Prize for discovering arsphenamine (salvarsan) to kill syphilis bacteria. He also worked on azo dyes containing $-N=N-$ linkage similar to $-As=As-$ linkage in salvarsan, and prepared antibiotic protonsil.

Multiple choice biology biodiversity and its classifications binomial nomenclature nomenclature of organisms naming of the organisms nomenclature in classification

Binomial nomenclature was introduced by :

  1. John Ray

  2. Aristotle

  3. A.P. Decandolle

  4. Carlous Linnaeus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Carlous Linnaeus is also known as 'Father of modern taxonomy' for introducing the artificial classification system and binomial nomenclature.
  • The term 'species' was coined by Jonh Ray.
  • Father of Biology is Aristotle.
  • A.P. Decandolle introduced the term 'taxonomy'.
Multiple choice zoology insects and human welfare bee keeping apiculture apiculture, sericulture and fisheries

The scientist, who was awarded the Noble Prize for decoding bee language is 

  1. Konrad Lorenz

  2. Carolus Linnaeus

  3. Karl von Frisch

  4. Nikolaas Tinbergen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Karl von Frisch studied ethology of animal behavior and decoded the bee language for which he received a noble price at the end of 1920's Karl von Frisch pointed out that when bees find nectar in a flower, they fly in a special pattern and perform a kind of dance that shows other bees in the vicinity where to find the nectar.

So, the correct answer is 'Karl von Frisch'

Multiple choice zoology insects and human welfare bee keeping apiculture apiculture, sericulture and fisheries

Nobel prize for deciphering the dance language of Honey Bee was awarded to

  1. C. Darwin

  2. K. V. Frisch

  3. W. Harvey

  4. H. G. Khorana
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
-K.V. Frisch was an Austrian ethologist who receive the Nobel prize in physiology or medicine in $1913$
-His work centered on investigation of the sensory perceptions of honey bee and he was one of the first to translate the meaning of the waggle dance.
-His theory, described in his $1927$ book Aus dem leben der Bienen(translated into English as the Dancing Bees).
Multiple choice zoology insects and human welfare bee keeping apiculture apiculture, sericulture and fisheries

Nobel prize winner for the discovery of method of interpersonal communication in honey bee is ......................

  1. Karl von Frisch

  2. H.G. Khorana

  3. Harvey

  4. Darwin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Karl von Frisch of Germany was awarded Nobel prize in 1973 for his discovery in the field of organisation and elicitation of individual and social behaviour pattern in bees. He showed that honey bees use a dance language to communicate food locations to other bees. He found two types of dance - round and waggle dance. Hence, option A is correct.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Who differentiated prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  1. Huxley

  2. Linnaeus

  3. Whittaker

  4. Dougherty
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Dougherty in the year 1957 suggested that there exist fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
  • A eukaryotic cell consists of membrane-bound organelles and nucleus with its envelope-pore membrane complex whereas, they are absent in a prokaryotic cell.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Dougherty'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Mesokaryotic condition was distinguished by

  1. Whittaker

  2. Dodge

  3. Copeland

  4. Haeckel
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • A mesokaryotic (meso= in between, karyon= nucleus) cell shows intermediate resemblance to both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell.
  • It contains well-developed nucleus but it undergoes cell division by amitosis (because the mitotic spindle is not formed).
  • This condition in a cell was first distinguished by Dodge in the year 1966.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Dodge'.
Multiple choice biology movement and locomotion in living organisms movements in plants coordination in plants tropic and nastic movements in plants

Johnson (1829) discovered

  1. Hydrotropism

  2. Phototropism

  3. Geotropism

  4. Photonasty
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hydrotropism is the response of the plant towards the water stimulus. It was first demonstrated by Johnson in 1829. During the course of his experiments, he found that when the air into the roots of seedlings penetrated, the roots continued to grow downwards. Hydrotropism can be positive as in case of growth of roots towards the water and also negative which is shown by shoot growing away from the water source. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Multiple choice biology movement and locomotion in living organisms movements in plants coordination in plants tropic and nastic movements in plants

The book Power of movement in plants was written by

  1. Priestly

  2. Mendel

  3. Darwin

  4. Aristotle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

'The power of movement of plants' is a book by Charles Darwin on phototropism and other types of movement in plants. This book contains his works in producing evidence for his theory of natural selection. The power of movement of plants was published on 6th November 1880, and 1500 copies were quickly sold by publisher John Murray. This book stands at the culmination of a long line of study in plants and is immediately preceded by 'The different forms of flowers on Plants of the same species' (1877).