Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

The theory of continental drift was formally proposed by the German meteorologist Alfred Wegener in 1912.

C.B. van Niel proposed that photosynthesis is a light-dependent redox reaction in which hydrogen from a donor (like H2O or H2S) reduces CO2 to carbohydrates.

Weismann gave theory of germplasm, according to which organisms are made up of two types of cells, the somatic cells and germ cells. Characters are transmitted through generations by germ cells and not somatic cells.

Thomas Malthus' opinions regarding the struggle to survive helped to inspire Charles Darwin in his development of the theory of natural selection. Darwin noted that the population-food imbalance postulated by Malthus would lead to competition between offspring. He considered that some of those offspring would be better equipped for the struggle than others, and so would flourish. This "survival of the fittest" became the central theme to Darwin's developing theory. 

August Weismann proposed the germ plasm theory, which introduced the concept of determinants within the germ cells that control the development of traits, separating them from somatic cells.

Genetics and the Origin of Species is a 1937 book by the Ukrainian-American evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky. It is regarded as one of the most important works of the modern evolutionary synthesis. The book popularized the work of population genetics to other biologists and influenced their appreciation for the genetic basis of evolution. In his book, Dobzhansky applied the theoretical work of Sewall Wright to the study of natural populations, allowing him to address evolutionary problems in a novel way during his time. Dobzhansky implements theories of mutation, natural selection and speciation throughout his book to explain habits of populations and the resulting effects on their genetic behavior. 

First complete theory of evolution was given by Lamarck (1809). According to him, organism are capable of changing their form, size, colour, agility etc.

Biogenetic law was given by Ernst Haeckel in 1868 A.D. It states that ontogamy recaptulates phylogeny.

"Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution" is a 1973 essay by the evolutionary biologist and Russian Orthodox Christian Theodosius Dobzhansky, criticising anti-evolution creationism and espousing theistic evolution.

• The author of the book Process of organic evolution was G.L. Stebbins. This book includes an explanation of the synthetic theory of evolution.
• The various concepts which are involved in the process of mutation and results in evolution.
• The phenomena like recombination, variation, isolation, etc. are considered and explained with respect to evolution. 

The biogenetic law is a hypothesis of improvement and advancement proposed by Ernst Haeckel in Germany during the 1860s. It is one of a few summarization speculations, which set that the phases of advancement for a creature fetus are equivalent to other creatures' grown-up stages.

So, the correct option is 'Haeckel'.

Thomas Malthus, in full Thomas Robert Malthus, (conceived February 13/14, 1766, Rookery, close Dorking, Surrey, England), English market analyst and demographer who is best known for his hypothesis that populace development will constantly will in general beat the sustenance supply.

The tunica and corpus theory was given by Schmidt in the year 1924. This theory is applicable only for the shoot apex and not to root. This theory divides the region into two tissue zones which are tunica and corpus.

 The correct answer is A.