General Awareness · Science General

Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

4,616 Questions

This hub provides questions related to great inventors and their scientific discoveries. It covers the inventors of the telephone, radio, and microchips, alongside Nobel Prize winners. These facts are crucial for the general awareness section of major competitive exams.

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Inventors and Scientific Discoveries Questions

Multiple choice

Alexander G Bell invented this

  1. Telephone

  2. Phonograph

  3. Steam Engine

  4. Radio
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Alexander Graham Bell is famously credited with patenting the first practical telephone in 1876. This invention revolutionized global communication.

Multiple choice

Man who created Communism

  1. Thomas Hobbes

  2. John Locke

  3. Karl Marx

  4. Thomas Edison
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Karl Marx is the philosopher and economist who authored The Communist Manifesto, which laid the theoretical foundation for modern communism.

Multiple choice commercial applications issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

Who proposed the term ecosystem?

  1. Odum

  2. Gardner

  3. Warming

  4. Tansley
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Ecosystem is a biological community that lives in conjugation with the nonbiological community. It can also be defined as all plants and animal species along with environment. It includes all living things like plants, animals and non-living things like air, water, land, etc. The term Ecosystem was termed by Arthur Tansley in 1935.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Tansley.'

Multiple choice commercial applications issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

Who coined the term ecosystem?

  1. Tansley

  2. Odum

  3. Warming

  4. Darwin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A. Arthur George Tansley coined the term ecosystem' in 1935 to describe the interactions between organisms and with their environment. 

B. Odum was an American biologist who worked on ecosystem ecology and wrote the book 'Fundamentals of ecology'.
C. Eugenius warming was the first to write a textbook on plant ecology. He gave the concept and content on ecology.
D. Darwin gave a theory of natural selection which states that only fittest individuals are selected by nature and unfit ones are eliminated.
So, the correct answer is 'Tansley'.

Multiple choice commercial applications issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

The term biocoenosis was coined by

  1. Darwin

  2. Haeckel

  3. Odum

  4. Mobius
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The term biocenosis was coined by Karl Mobius in 1877. It describes the interacting organisms living together in a habitat (biotope). Based on the concept of biocenosis, ecological communities can take in various forms zoocenosis for the faunal community, phytocenosis for the flora community and microbiocenosis for the microbial community.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice chemistry quantitative chemistry avogadro hypothesis avogadro's law avogadro law

Which scientist discovered that the same amount of space was occupied by equal numbers of molecules of gases, irrespective of whether it was hydrogen or chlorine or fluorine?

  1. Gay-Lussac

  2. Avogadro

  3. Marconi

  4. Wohler
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Avogadro first discovered it.
It states that $1$ $mole$ of any element or compound have $6.022\times 10^{23}$ atoms or molecules present at any constant temperature and pressure.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Concept of cellular totipotency was established by

  1. White

  2. Haberlandt

  3. Steward

  4. Muir
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cellular totipotency is the ability of a single cell to produce all cell types and to organize them into an entire organism when cultured in a suitable culture medium at an appropriate temperature and aeration conditions. For example, Spores and zygote are examples of the totipotent cell.
  • The concept of totipotency was established by a German Botanist, Professor Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1902 in the plant body. He stated that every living cell of the plant body able to regenerate the whole plant body because it is derived from the fertilized egg and contain hereditary information.
  • Hence concept of cellular totipotency was established by Haberlandt.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Haberlandt'.
Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Which of the following scientists is related with cellular totipotency?

  1. F.C. Steward and Haberlandt

  2. Vasil and Haberlandt

  3. Haberlandt and Nobecourt

  4. Muir and co-workers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The potential of the somatic cell to grow and develop into a multicellular and multi-organed organism through the technique of cloning is referred to as cellular totipotency. While German botanist Gottleib Haberlandt introduced the concept of in vitro cell culture, Prof. F.C. Steward of Cornell University worked to show that cellular totipotency is an inherent capability of every single cell. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Tissue culture was developed by

  1. Haberlandt

  2. Laibach

  3. White

  4. Steward
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In 1902 C.Haberlant was the first attempted to culture isolated plant cells invitro on artificial medium. But the discovery of the use of auxin is done by three scientists Gautherel, Nobecourt, and White. This discovery is the second phase of plant tissue culture. Then White discovery's proves that plant could be successfully regenerated from undifferentiated tissue or even single cell in culture called tissue culture. Then tissue culture was developed by P R White in 1925.
So the correct option is C.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Tissue culture technique was first attempted by

  1. Haberlandt

  2. Hanning

  3. Nobecourt

  4. Gautheret
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Tissue culture is a biological technique which involves the development of plant under the controlled condition on a nutrient culture medium of the known composition. The pant developed by the tissue culture are cloned by the process of micropropagation. Gottlieb Haberlandt was the first to attempt tissue culture. He was the first to point out the possibilities of the culture of isolated tissues. He is known as the father of tissue culture.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Who developed the technique of nurse tissue to show cellular totipotency

  1. Hilderbrandt

  2. Steward

  3. Muir

  4. Konar
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Totipotency is the genetic potential of a plant cell to produce an entire plant. A single cell can produce all cell types and organises them into an entire organism.

The basis of tissue culture is to grow a large number of cells in a sterile controlled environment. The plant cells are allowed to grow in culture medium containing mineral nutrient, vitamins and hormones to encourage cell division and growth. As a result cells in culture will produce an unorganised proliferative mass of cells which is known as callus tissue.
Plant cells can be cultured from isolated single plant cell on the top of the actively growing callus ( nurse tissue ) separated by a piece of filter paper. The filter paper serves to prevent tissue union but allows the flow of essential nutrients from the nurse to the isolated cells. The technique has been developed by Muir e.t. al in 1954. The single cell is isolated from, suspension cultures or friable callus with the help of a micropipette, or from the intact plant tissue  ( root, stem, leaf etc. )
Single cell culture is important for cell cloning, crop improvement programmes, the study of biotransformation etc.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice evs we are special defects of eye disorders of nervous system braille script

Who was the inspiration for Louis Braille's invention of a 6 dot method for reading and writing for the blind?

  1. Charles Barbier

  2. Helen Keller

  3. Dian Fossey

  4. Sophie Germain
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Louis Braille was a French educator and inventor of a system of reading and writing for use by the blind or visually impaired. He excelled in his education and received a scholarship to France's Royal Institute for Blind Youth. 
  •  He began developing a system of tactile code that could allow blind people to read and write quickly and efficiently. inspired by the military cryptography of Charles Barbier, Braille constructed a new method built specifically for the needs of the blind. 
  • He presented his work to his peers for the first time in 1824. Hence, Charles Barbier was the inspiration for Louis Braille's invention of a 6 dot method for reading and writing for the blind.
 So, the correct answer is 'Charles Barbier'.

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and circulation in animals heart beat cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle

Circulation was discovered by 

  1. William Harvey

  2. Willian Henry

  3. Michael Harvey

  4. William Smith
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The human circulatory system consists of a muscular four-chambered heart, a network of closed branching blood vessels and blood, the fluid which is circulated. Circulation was discovered by William Harvey. He was the first to recognize the full circulation of blood in the human body and to provide experiments and arguments to support this idea.

So, the correct answer is 'William Harvey'.