General Awareness · Science General

Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

4,616 Questions

This hub provides questions related to great inventors and their scientific discoveries. It covers the inventors of the telephone, radio, and microchips, alongside Nobel Prize winners. These facts are crucial for the general awareness section of major competitive exams.

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Inventors and Scientific Discoveries Questions

Multiple choice zoology why classification? nomenclature in classification introduction to plant kingdom history of classification nomenclature of animals

The internationally recognised binomial nomenclature was developed by linnaeus in his book 

  1. Philosophia Botanica

  2. Historia Plantarum

  3. Species Plantarum

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Binomial nomenclature is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, genus and specific epithet. 
  • The formal introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work Species Plantarum in 1753.
So, the correct option is 'Species Plantarum'.

Multiple choice commercial applications management of natural resources unequal distribution of resources protecting our environment rules are for everyone

The scientist could who first demonstrated that nuclear energy be harnessed to produce electrical energy was :

  1. Homi Bhabha

  2. Enrico Fermi

  3. W B Lewis

  4. P A M Dirac
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Enrico Fermi (1901-1954) was an Italian physicist and recipient of the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics. He created the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile- 1.

So, the correct answer id 'Enrico Fermi'.

Multiple choice history the industrial revolution and social change (1750-1900 ce) industrial revolution and its effects industries and impact india's contemporary economic condition the industrial age and change of life of people

Who invented the threshing machine?

  1. Andrew Meikle

  2. Robert Bakewell

  3. Charles Townshend

  4. John Kay
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Andrew Meikle, a Scottish mechanical engineer, invented the threshing machine in 1786, which significantly improved the efficiency of separating grain from stalks.

Multiple choice business economics and quantitative methods correlation analysis aspects of correlation scatter graphs and correlation linear regression

The word 'Regression' was first used by___________.

  1. Karl Pearson

  2. Sir Francis Galton

  3. M. Blair

  4. Bowley
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The term regression was first used by Sir Francis Galton to represent the biological phenomenon that the the heights of descendants of tall ancestors tend to regress down towards a normal average.

Multiple choice botany plant taxonomy nomenclature in classification introduction to plant kingdom history of classification

Bentham and Hooker's system of classification is based on

  1. AP de Candolle's system

  2. Engler and Prantl system

  3. Eichler system

  4. Wilkins system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Bentham and Hooker's system of classification is the natural system of clarification. It is based on AP de Candolle's system. AP de Candolle gave a new system of classification of plants based on characteristics of vascular tissues much before Bentham and Hooker's system. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'AP de Candolle's system.'

Multiple choice zoology meaning of life energy flow and loss energy flow in a food chain energy flows

10% law of flow of energy in ecosystem was proposed by

  1. Lindeman

  2. Carl Mobius

  3. Tansley

  4. Darwin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Only 10 percent of the gross productivity of producer is entrapped by herbivores for their body-building. Herbivores are eaten by primary carnivores. Only 10 percent of the herbivore productivity is utilised by carnivores. Higher carnivores are similarly able to retain only 10 percent of energy present in primary carnivores. This is called as 10 percent law by Lindeman.

Multiple choice zoology meaning of life energy flow and loss energy flow in a food chain energy flows

10% energy transfer law in food chain was first given by

  1. Lindeman

  2. Tansley

  3. Elton

  4. Raunkiaer
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The ten percent law for the transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next was introduced by Raymond Lindeman (1942). 

According to this law, during the transfer of energy from organic food from one trophic level to the next, only about ten percent of the energy from organic matter is stored as flesh. The remaining is lost during transfer, broken down in respiration, or lost to incomplete digestion by higher trophic levels.

Multiple choice zoology meaning of life energy flow and loss energy flow in a food chain energy flows

10% law of energy transfer was given by

  1. Lindemann

  2. Tansley

  3. Stanley

  4. Darwin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Lindemann (1942) put forth ten percent law for the transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next. According to the law, during the transfer of organic food from one trophic level to the next, only about ten percent of the organic matter is stored as flesh. The remaining is lost during transfer or broken down in respiration.

Plants utilise sun energy for primary production and can store only 10% of the utilised energy as net production available for the herbivores. When the plants are consumed by animal, about 10% of the energy in the food is fixed into animal flesh which is available for next trophic level (carnivores). When a carnivore consumes that animal, only about 10% of energy is fixed in its flesh for the higher level.

So at each transfer 80 - 90% of potential energy is dissipated as heat (second law of thermodynamics) where only 10 - 20% of energy is available to the next trophic level.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology meaning of life energy flow and loss energy flow in a food chain energy flows

Ten percent law of energy transfer in food chains was given by

  1. Elton

  2. Haeckel

  3. Lindeman

  4. Schimper
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ten percent law of energy transfer in food chains was given by Reymond LIndeman. It is also called as Lindeman's trophic efficiency rule. According to this rule, the 10% of transfer of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next successive trophic level. The rest of the energy is lost during transfer of energy and during respiration. The first trophic level has the maximum energy. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Lindeman.'

Multiple choice zoology meaning of life energy flow and loss energy flow in a food chain energy flows

10% law of energy transfer in food chain was given by

  1. Elton

  2. Schimper

  3. Haeckel

  4. Lindeman
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Ten percent law of energy transfer in food chains was given by Reymond LIndeman. It is also called as Lindeman's trophic efficiency rule. According to this rule, the 10% of transfer of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next successive trophic level. The rest of the energy is lost during transfer of energy and during respiration. The first trophic level has the maximum energy. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Lindeman.'

Multiple choice chemistry adsorption and colloids adsorption theory of heterogeneous catalysis enzymes and catalysts catalysis

The name catalysis was given by: 

  1. Rutherford

  2. Langmuir

  3. Graham

  4. Berzelius
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The word catalysis was first used by Berzelius in 1836 to describe a number of experimental reactions. Catalysis is defined as a phenomenon in which the presence of a foreign compound in a reaction can accelerate its rate without being used  in that reaction. These foreign substances are called as a catalyst.

Multiple choice zoology biodiversity, classification and conservation levels of biodiversity environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

Who observed that within a region, species richness increased with increasing explored area but only upto a limit?

  1. Paul Ehrlich

  2. David Tilman

  3. Alexander von Humboldt

  4. Edward Wilson

  5. Robert Mayr
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
During his pioneering and extensive explorations in the wilderness of South American jungles, the great German naturalist and geographer Alexander von Humboldt observed that within a regional species richness increased with the increasing explored area, but only up to a limit. In fact, the relationship between species richness and area for a wide variety of taxa (angiosperm plants, birds, bats, freshwater fishes) turns out to be a rectangular hyperbola. On a logarithmic scale, the relationship is a straight line described by the equation log S = log C + Z log A where S= Species richness A= Area Z = slope of the line (regression coefficient) C = Y-intercept.
So, the correct answer is 'Alexander von Humboldt'.