General Awareness · Science General

Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

4,616 Questions

This hub provides questions related to great inventors and their scientific discoveries. It covers the inventors of the telephone, radio, and microchips, alongside Nobel Prize winners. These facts are crucial for the general awareness section of major competitive exams.

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Inventors and Scientific Discoveries Questions

Multiple choice biology protectors of biosphere structure of chloroplast plastids photosynthetic pigments

Who gave chemical compositions of chlorophyll and carotenoids?

  1. Park and Biggins

  2. Meyer and French

  3. Willstatter and Stahl

  4. Arnon and Benson.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Chlorophyll which is an essential factor in photosynthesis was first isolated and namedby Joseph Bienaime Caventou and Peter Joseph Pelletier but the chemical composition of the same was first elucidated by the German chemist Richard Willstatter followed by Hans Fischer.  Carotenoids which are the organic pigments found in the chloroplasts and chromoplasts of plants and other photosynthetic organisms. These  are oil-soluble molecules comprising of 40 branched carbon units bonded together.

Multiple choice biology protectors of biosphere structure of chloroplast plastids photosynthetic pigments

The term thylakoid was coined by

  1. Arnon

  2. Park and Biggins

  3. Menke

  4. Willstatter
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Thylakoid (internal photosynthetic membranes) is a membrane-bound compartment present within the cellular organelle called chloroplast, they are also present in cyanobacteria.
  • It is a site for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. 
  • It is made up of a thylakoid membrane which surrounds the thylakoid lumen.
  • The term thylakoid was coined by Menke in the year 1962.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Menke'.
Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Who discovered autonomic nervous system and its components?

  1. Langley

  2. Sherington

  3. Pavlov

  4. Mc Lennan
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

John Newport Langley is widely recognized for his pioneering work in the late 19th century, where he coined the term autonomic nervous system and defined its sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Multiple choice history the industrial age and change of life of people the age canal and great engineers industries and impact impact of industrial revolution

Who designed the Clifton Suspension Bridge in Bristol?

  1. George Stephenson

  2. Barnes Wallis

  3. Isambard Kingdom Brunel

  4. Oliver Heaviside
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Clifton Suspension Bridge in Bristol is one of the most famous works of Isambard Kingdom Brunel, though it was completed after his death.

Multiple choice history the industrial age and change of life of people the age canal and great engineers industries and impact impact of industrial revolution

Who designed and built the Royal Albert Bridge over the River Tamar in Plymouth?

  1. Isambard Kindom Brunel

  2. George Stephenson

  3. James Watt

  4. Joseph Bramah
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The famous Royal Albert Bridge was built by Isambard Kingdom Brunel in the 1850's and regarded as one of his greatest railway bridges. Hence, Option A is correct. Among the rest of the options-
George Stephenson was a self-made mechanical engineer, largely credited with building the first railway line and becoming the 'father of the railways'.
James Watt was an inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements in steam engine technology drove the Industrial Revolution.
Joseph Bramah invented the first hydraulic press.
Hence, these are incorrect. 
Multiple choice chemistry the periodic table mendeleef's periodic table mendeleev's periodic law and its limitations mendeleev's periodic table development of the modern periodic table into the history

Whose name is associated with the development of periodic table ?

  1. Newlands

  2. Mendeleev

  3. Dalton

  4. Doberiener
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Mendeleeve is credited with the development of his periodic table to illustrate periodic trends of known elements and predicted properties of unknown elements also.

Multiple choice chemistry the periodic table mendeleef's periodic table mendeleev's periodic law and its limitations mendeleev's periodic table development of the modern periodic table into the history

Which scientist came up with the concept of a periodic table that included all of the known elements?

  1. Joseph Priestly

  2. Dmitri Mendeleev

  3. Antoine Lavoisier

  4. Albert Einstein
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Dmitri Mendeleev is credited with designing the modem periodic table. Joseph Priestly and Antoine Lavoisier were both chemists. Albert Einstein developed theories on photoelectric effect.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? nomenclature in classification introduction to plant kingdom history of classification nomenclature of animals

The binomial system of naming a species was first devised by

  1. Aristotle

  2. Hugo de Vries

  3. Carolus Linnaeus

  4. Bentham and Hooker
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The binomial system of naming a species was first devised by Swedish botanist and physician Carolus Linnaeus.

So, the correct option is, 'Carolus Linnaeus'.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? nomenclature in classification introduction to plant kingdom history of classification nomenclature of animals

Which of the following biologists is responsible for the binomial system for naming organisms that we use today?

  1. Carolus Linnaeus

  2. Whittaker

  3. Theophrastus

  4. Aristotle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Carolus Linnaeus proposed the binomial nomenclature. The purpose of binomial nomenclature was to provide universal identification to the living organism. The system of nomenclature in which two terms are used to denote a species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the second the specific epithet is known as binomial nomenclature.

R.H Whittaker gave five kingdom classification which classified the living organism into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
Theophrastus is known as the father of botany.
Aristotle is known as the father of zoology.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? nomenclature in classification introduction to plant kingdom history of classification nomenclature of animals

The usage of binomial names, for plant species was accepted by all after the publication of the work by 

  1. Hooker

  2. Linnaeus

  3. Bentham

  4. Darwin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Linnaeus is considered father of taxonomy and was first to use the binomial nomenclature for organisms in his book “Species Plantarum, 1753” in which he gave a generic name to each species. The generic names was followed by trivial name that represented the specific epithet and hence, the system of binomial nomenclature; option B is the correct answer. Benthum and Hooker proposed the most elaborate natural classification of seed plants in their three volume book “Genera Plantarum, 1863-83”. This makes options A and C incorrect as their work was published much later than that of Linnaeus. Darwin is best known for his theory of natural selection to explain the process of evolution. Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice zoology why classification? nomenclature in classification introduction to plant kingdom history of classification nomenclature of animals

Linnaeus is credited with 

  1. Binomial nomenclature

  2. Theory of biogenesis

  3. Discovery of microscope

  4. Discovery of blood circulation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  1. Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, laid the foundations for the modern biological naming scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology.
    2. The theory of biogenesis was proposed by Louis Pasteur. He proposed that all life originated from pre-existing life. i.e., fishes laid eggs giving rise to more fishes.
    3. The first optical microscope was invented by Zacharias Janssen.
    4. William Harvey is associated with the discovery of blood circulation.
    So, the correct option is 'Binomial nomenclature'.