General Awareness · Science General

Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

4,616 Questions

This hub provides questions related to great inventors and their scientific discoveries. It covers the inventors of the telephone, radio, and microchips, alongside Nobel Prize winners. These facts are crucial for the general awareness section of major competitive exams.

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Inventors and Scientific Discoveries Questions

Multiple choice zoology biodiversity, classification and conservation levels of biodiversity environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

Which scientist proposed alphaα types species diversity?

  1. Bentham and Huxley

  2. Linnaeus

  3. Whittaker

  4. Eichler
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The local species pool is known as alpha diversity. It is also the diversity present within the community. The term was introduced by R. H. Whittaker. Example of such diversity includes high tree diversity throughout the Amazon Rainforests of Ecuador. Generally, gamma diversity = alpha diversity x beta diversity.

So, the correct answer is 'Whittaker'.

Multiple choice zoology biodiversity, classification and conservation levels of biodiversity environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

"Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy" is a 2003 paper by

  1. Malthus

  2. Edward

  3. Lamarck

  4. Darwin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

"Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy" is a 2003 paper by A. W. F. Edwards. He criticises an argument first made by Richard Lewontin in his 1972 article "The Apportionment of Human Diversity", which argued that division of humanity into races is taxonomically invalid. Edward's critique is discussed in a number of academic and popular science books, with varying degrees of support. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice chemistry classification of elements- the periodic table development of the modern periodic table into the history mendeleef's periodic table

The first attempt to classify elements systemically was made by :

  1. Mendeleev

  2. Newland

  3. Lother Meyer

  4. Dobereiner
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The first attempt to classify elements systemically was made by Dobereiner.
The triads of elements that showed similar chemical properties.
Other properties of the elements followed trends in which the value of the middle element of the triad was in between those of the end members.

Multiple choice commercial applications bioenergy biofuels making biofuels technological and industrial development

The first petroplant discovered by Calvin was

  1. <p>Copaifera longsdorfii</p>

  2. <p>Euphorbia lathyrus</p>

  3. <p>Jatropha</p>

  4. <p>Calotropis</p>
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Calvin started his work on petroplants in 1977. Petroplants produce latex of long hydrocarbon chains which can be converted into petrol like products. He worked on Euphorbia lathyris. When he collected latex from the samples and analysed its composition by different methods like spectroscopy and chromatography, he found long chain hydrocarbons similar to petrol and other fuels. Euphorbia produces large amount of latex which is processed and converted to petrol like fuel.
So, the correct answer is 'Euphorbia lathyris'.
Multiple choice commercial applications bioenergy biofuels making biofuels technological and industrial development

Petro plants were first identified by ____________.

  1. C. Darwin

  2. H. Kerbs

  3. M. Calvin

  4. N. Borlaugh
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Dr. M. Calvin of the University of California reported for the first time the collection and use of photosynthetically produced hydrocarbons from the plants . Furthermore, he suggested it as a substitute for conventional petroleum sources.

Multiple choice commercial applications bioenergy biofuels making biofuels technological and industrial development

Who is credited with identified petrocrops?

  1. M. S. Swaminathan

  2. M. Calvin

  3. H. Krebs

  4. N. Borlaug
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Euphorbiaceae serve as the petroplants. Dr. M. Calvin (1979) was the first to collect the hydrocarbons from plants of Euphorbiaceae. He suggested that these can be the renewable substitute for the conventional petroleum sources. Latex of Euphorbia lathyrus contains fairly high percentage of terpenoids. These can be converted into high grade transportation fuel. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice evs production of food from animals dairy farm management cattle farming uses of animals contribution of louis pasteur discoveries by louis pasteur discovery of microorganisms

Who established that anthrax disease of sheep is caused by Bacillus anthracis?

  1. Paul Vuillemin

  2. Alexander Fleming

  3. Funk

  4. Robert Koch
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bacillus anthracis is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive, aerobic bacterium about 1 by 9 μm in size. It was shown to cause disease by Robert Koch in 1876 when he took a blood sample from an infected cow, isolated the bacteria and put them into a mouse.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice evs production of food from animals dairy farm management cattle farming uses of animals contribution of louis pasteur discoveries by louis pasteur discovery of microorganisms

Who established that anthrax-disease of sheep is caused by Bacillus anthracis?

  1. Paul Vuillemin

  2. Alexander Flemming

  3. Funk

  4. Louis Pasteur

  5. Robert Koch
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

The agent of anthrax is a bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. While other investigators discovered the anthrax bacillus, it was a German physician and scientist, Dr. Robert Koch, who proved that the anthrax bacterium (Bacillus anthracis) was the cause of a disease that affected farm animals in his community.

So, the correct answer is 'Robert Koch'

Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life nucleus organelles in cell membranous and non-membranous organells

The name of Hammerling is related with which of the following?

  1. Granum

  2. Discovery of RNA

  3. Discovery of DNA

  4. Experiment on Acetabularia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Nucleus is a double membrane covered protoplasmic body that contains heredity information. With the help of grafting experiments on Acetabularia, Hammerling (1953) proved that nucleus is a storehouse of hereditary information.

Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life nucleus organelles in cell membranous and non-membranous organells

Role of nucleus in morphological differentiation was discovered in _______________.

  1. Acetabularia by Hammerling

  2. Drosophila by Morgan

  3. Neurospora by Beadle and Tatum

  4. Garden Pea by Mendel.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is option (A) Acetabularia by Hammerling.

In his experiments, Hammerling grafted the stalk of one species of Acetabularia onto the foot of another species.
In all cases, the cap that eventually developed on the grafted cell matched the species of the foot rather than that of the stalk.
 In this example, the cap that is allowed to grow on the grafted stalk looks like the base species one... A. mediterranea
This experiment shows that the base is responsible for the type of cap that grows. The nucleus that contains genetic information is in the base, so the nucleus directs cellular development.



















Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life nucleus organelles in cell membranous and non-membranous organells

Nucleus was discovered by

  1. Purkinje

  2. Nageli

  3. Robert Brown

  4. Hofmeister
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • A nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle containing the genetic material in the form of DNA molecule coiled to form the chromosomes.
  • It is also known as the control centre of the cell.
  • Within the nucleus, the DNA molecule gets transcribed into an mRNA template which is translated into a variety of proteins. 
  • These translated proteins help in performing all the important functions within the cell.
  • It was discovered by Robert Brown in the year 1831.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Robert Brown'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

PCR or polymerase chain reaction was discovered by

  1. Jeffreys

  2. Nakamura

  3. Karry Mullis

  4. Lander

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Kary Mullis. Kary Banks Mullis (born December 28, 1944) is a Nobel Prize-winning American biochemist. In recognition of his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, he shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Michael Smith and earned the Japan Prize in the same year.

So, the correct answer is 'Karry Mullis.'