General Awareness · Science General

Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

4,616 Questions

This hub provides questions related to great inventors and their scientific discoveries. It covers the inventors of the telephone, radio, and microchips, alongside Nobel Prize winners. These facts are crucial for the general awareness section of major competitive exams.

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Inventors and Scientific Discoveries Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

The living substance of cell was named by Dujardin as____________________

  1. Biotic soup

  2. Jivam

  3. Sarcode

  4. Protoplasm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Dujardin applied the name 'sarcode' to the free plasma without a covering to protect it from the contact with the outer world. So, the living things were named as a sarcode.

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

The father of modern cytology is__________________

  1. Leeuwenhoek

  2. Robert Hooke

  3. C. P. Swanson

  4. A. K. Sharma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Cytology is the branch of biology concerned with the structure and function of plant and animal cells. Where Leeuwenhoek is called the father of microbiology and Robert Hooke the father of cytology, Carl P Swanson is called the father of modern cytology. A K Sharma is called the father of Indian cytology.
So, the correct option is 'B'.


Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

"New cells arise from pre-existing cell" is the statement given by 

  1. Max Schultze

  2. R. Virchow

  3. Altmann

  4. Purkinje
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Rudolf Virchow famously stated "Omnis cellula e cellula", i.e., "All cells only arise from pre-existing cells."

Virchow was a major advocate of the cell theory and published an influential theory that cells arose from each other in a continuous series of generations. 
He opposed spontaneous generation and carried out experiments in the 1850's to show that nematodes do not arise spontaneously.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

Who first discovered nucleus in cell in 1831?

  1. Robert Hooke

  2. Robert Brown

  3. Altmann

  4. Swanson
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown while he was working on orchids, under a microscope and he observed an opaque area, which he called the areola or nucleus. It is a site for the genetic material.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

The first person to see the 'live cell' under the microscope was 

  1. Robert Brown

  2. Robert Hook

  3. Altmann

  4. Leeuwenhoek
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The cell walls observed by Hooke gave no indication of the nucleus and other organelles found in most living cells. The first man to witness a live cell under a microscope was Anton van Leeuwenhoek, who in 1674 described the algae Spirogyra. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

Cell was discovered by 

  1. Robert Brown

  2. Mendel

  3. Robert Hooke

  4. Jagdish Chandra Bose
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, which can be found to be described in his book Micrographia. In this book, he gave 60 'observations' in detail of various objects under a coarse, compound microscope. One observation was from very thin slices of bottle cork. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

Which scientist coined the term cell?

  1. Robert hooke

  2. Robert brown

  3. Robert clay

  4. Robert cook
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Robert Hooke was an English scientist who coined the term cell for the Honeycomb structures he saw in a cork slice. Through he didn't see the inside of a cell, he discovered the cell and coined the term. He used a primitive compound microscope . He only saw cell walls as it a dead tissue. He discovered it in $1665$. The first man to witness a live cell under microscope was Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek in $1674$.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

Who discovered Endoplasmic reticulum?

  1. Porter

  2. Altmann

  3. Golgi

  4. Benda
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a system of membrane-lined channels found in all eukaryotic cells except mature erythrocytes. 
  • Endoplasmic reticulum was discovered by Porter and Thompson (1945). 
  • The name endoplasmic reticulum was given by Porter in 1953.
    Hence, option A is correct.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

"Lysosomes" were discovered by

  1. Haekel

  2. Christian de Duve

  3. Hugo de Vries

  4. Purkinje
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Lysosomes are small vesicles containing hydrolyzing enzymes and surrounded by a single membrane of lipids. They were discovered by Christian de Duve in 1955 but were named and observed under an electron microscope by Novikoff in 1956. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

The phrase omnis cellula e cellula was given by

  1. Virchow

  2. Pasteur

  3. Schleiden and Schwann

  4. Robert Brown
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pasteur work on fermentation and germ theory of biology. Schleiden and Schwann are the co-founders of cell theory. Robert Brown was a Botanist and he discovered the nucleus. Rudolf Virchow was a German Physician, Biologist, Pathologist as well as a writer. The phrase 'Omnis cellula e cellula' is coined by Virchow which means all cells come from a cell, all cells born from a previous cell. So the answer is 'Virchow'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

'Micrographia' was written by which of the following scientists?

  1. Grew

  2. Hooke

  3. Brown

  4. Lamarck
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Micrographia is a book written by Robert Hooke when he discovered the cells in 1665. His all observation about the discovery of cells is detailed in this book. Hans and Zacharias designed the first compound microscope and by using this microscope Robert Hooke studied insects, sand, bird feathers, snowflakes and plants. He also observed a piece of cork which made him discover a framework of cells with empty spaces within it. its visual similarity with honeycomb cells made him name those units as the cell. He recorded all such observation through different lenses in the book Micrographia which is the first scientific bestseller.  

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

Who applied cell theory to plants?

  1. Schwann

  2. Schleiden

  3. Swanson

  4. Jenssen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In 1838, Matthias Schleiden who was a German Botanist while studying a large number of plants he made an observation that plants also composed of different kinds of cells. These cells were arranged into tissues. Whereas Schwann was studying animal cells and reported the existence of cell membrane that surrounds cytoplasm. Together Schleiden and Schwann proposed cell theory based on their observation plants and animal cells. So Schleiden applied cell theory specifically to plans and Schwann to animals.  

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

Who proposed protoplasmic theory as opposed to the cell theory?

  1. Virchow

  2. Schultze

  3. Sachs

  4. Strasburger
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Schleiden and Schwann proposed a cell theory according to which all cells are formed from preexisting cells. After the discovery of protoplasm by Corti, Dujardin observed a living juice inside the cells and named it as sarcode. Purkinje coined the term protoplasm while observing sap of plant cells. Max Schultze established similarity between protoplasm and sarcode that leads him to propose a theory which is called as the protoplasmic theory by Hertwig. This theory states that protoplasm is the physical basis of life. So answer B is correct.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

Organismal theory was proposed by

  1. Van Mohl.

  2. Sachs.

  3. Virchow.

  4. Haberlandt.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The organismal theory teaches that the organism (even a multicellular organism) is the basic unit of life. It was proposed by Sachs. Thus the correct option is B.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

Match the columns.

Column I Column II
(a) Robert Hooke (i) Mutation theory
(b) Charles Darwin (ii) Swan necked flask experiment
(c) Hugo de Vries (iii) Origin of Species
(d) Louis Pasteur (iv) Micrographia

  1. a-(iii); b-(iv); c-(i); d-(ii)

  2. a-(ii); b-(i); c-(i); d-(iv)

  3. a-(i); b-(ii); c-(i); d-(iv)

  4. a-(iv); b-(iii); c-(i); d-(ii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

a) Mutation theory is proposed by Hugo de Vries.  

b) The famous swan-necked flask experiment is performed by Louis Pasteur in this experiment he used a flask whose neck exactly looked like the neck of swan. 
c) Origin of species is the great scientific theory of Charles Darwin in which he explained that the species are originated from natural selection, the most fit species can survive in nature. 
d) Micrographia is a significant book of Robert Hooke which is related to the morphological description of microscopic organisms.