Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,096 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice evs - i busy at work - our internal organs human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

Study the following statements: 
1. Heparin is synthesized in the liver.
2. The pacemaker of the human heart is SA node.
3. The decrease in WBC conditions leads to leukopenia.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1 , 2 and 3

  2. 1 and 2

  3. 1 and 3

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Heparin is produced by the liver and mast cells. The SA node is the natural pacemaker. Leukopenia is defined as a decrease in the number of white blood cells.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Glycocalyx is responsible for__________________.

  1. Antigens like those of blood groups ABO

  2. Immune reactions and histocompatibility

  3. Hormone receptors

  4. All the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Glycocalyx in eukaryotes (often as part of the cell coat) is involved in cell-cell recognition, immune response, and receptor function. While the term is used differently in prokaryotes, in the context of broader biological questions, it covers these functions.

Multiple choice biology animal behaviour ethology natural selection coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

The immunoglobulin abundant in colostrum is

  1. Ig G

  2. Ig M

  3. Ig A

  4. All of the above

  5. Ig E
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The yellow-coloured milk secreted by cattle soon after the birth of a calf is called as colustrum. Colostrum contains antibodies to protect the newborn against disease. Colostrum is known to contain immune cells (as lymphocytes) and many antibodies such as IgA, IgG and IgM. However, the most abundant immunoglobulin in colostrum is IgA.

Multiple choice biology option a: neurobiology and behaviour ethology animal behaviour natural selection

Colostrum, the first milk secretion of mammary gland of cow, is rich in immunoglobin

  1. IgE

  2. IgM

  3. IgA

  4. IgG
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Colostrum is produced in the initial secretions of the mammary gland following the birth of offspring. Colostrum is most commonly distinguished from whole milk because it contains high concentrations of immunoglobulins (Ig), otherwise known as antibodies. Antibodies are proteins which function to identify and destroy disease-causing pathogens in livestock. The primary immunoglobulin in cow colostrum and milk is IgG, whereas the primary immunoglobulin in human milk is IgA. Colostrum is also a vital source of growth factors and nutritional elements such as protein, fat, milk sugar, vitamins and minerals.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination mechanism of hormone action coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following act as a local messenger?

  1. Carrier protein

  2. Glycoprotein

  3. Phospholipid

  4. Glycolipid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Messenger proteins (or signaling proteins) carry messages or signals. They provide a means by which cells in one part of the body communicate with cells in another location. In some cases, these proteins can carry a signal from one cellular location to another. The signals can trigger/modulate the immune response, promote cell development/differentiation, alter cell metabolism, or stimulate cell growth. Carrier proteins help specific molecules or ions pass through the plasma membrane. They do not extend through the membrane. They bond and drag the molecules through the bilipid layer and release them on the opposite side. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination mechanism of hormone action coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following helps in differentiation of lymphocytes?

  1. Cytosin

  2. Thymosin

  3. Cyclin

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Thymosin hormones are typically produced by the thymus gland and trigger the creation of T-cells, which are used by the immune system to fight disease. 
  • Once puberty occurs in a human, a normal thymus has created the T-cells needed by the body and begins to shrink, eventually being replaced by fatty tissue. Hence, Thymosin helps in the differentiation of lymphocytes.
So, the correct answer is 'Thymosin'.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination mechanism of hormone action coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

The cells which produces erythropoietin

  1. Juxtaglomerular cells

  2. Hepatic cells

  3. Glandular cells

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Erythropoietin is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in close association with the peritubular capillary and proximal convoluted tubulin the cell named juxtaglomerular cells. 
  •  It is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver. Hence, The cells which produce erythropoietin Juxtaglomerular cells.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Juxtaglomerular cells'.
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration mechanism of hormone action coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

The key component of hemostasis is 

  1. Feedback mechanism

  2. Complexity

  3. Cell content

  4. Enzymes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hemostasis is the process of blood coagulation or the formation of a clot to prevent blood loss when there is any injury. The main component of hemostasis is based on the positive feedback mechanism. There is activation of one coagulation factor which activates the other coagulation factor. This initiates a cascade mechanism which results in the formation of a proper clot. The mechanism stops or gets inhibited when there is formation of clot.  

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration mechanism of hormone action coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Positive feedback loop between cytokines and immune cells can cause

  1. Hypocytokinemia

  2. Hypercytokinemia

  3. Immune deficiency

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A positive feedback loop involving cytokines leads to an excessive and uncontrolled release of cytokines, a condition known as a cytokine storm or hypercytokinemia. Hypocytokinemia refers to a deficiency of cytokines, which is the opposite of this effect.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

F.C. Steward is associated with

  1. Molecular biology

  2. Genetics

  3. Tissue culture

  4. Immunology
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

F.C. Steward is associated with tissue culture and played an important role in developing the techniques. Caplin and Steward were the first one to use coconut water as a plant growth regulator in the nutrient media. Later on, it was considered as a substitute for cytokinin. He was also involved in the somatic embryogenesis in carrot cell suspension cultures and production of complete plants. He also laid the foundation of micropropagation technique.

So, the correct answer is option C. 

Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense blood clotting and healing of wounds coagulation of blood blood clotting

The process of blood clot formation within the circulatory system is

  1. Thrombosis

  2. Thrombocytes

  3. Thrombin

  4. Thrombocytopenia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of the blood through the circulatory system.
Thrombocytes are also called 'platelets' and these are the blood cells, whose function is to stop bleeding.
Thrombin is the enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin, and a reaction that leads to the formation of fibrin clot.
Thrombocytopenia is the disorder in which there is an abnormally low amount of platelets.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).