Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,051 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

Globulins contained in human blood plasma are primarily involved in

  1. Defence mechanisms of the body

  2. Osmotic balance of the body fluids

  3. Oxygen transport in the blood

  4. Clotting of the blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The three proteins found in human blood plasma are :
Albumin - which is involved in controlling the osmotic balance.
Globulins - that produce antibodies, and is thus, involved in defence purposes.
Fibrinogens - that helps in clotting of blood.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).

Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

Blood proteins connected with antibodies are

  1. Albumins
  2. $\beta$-globulins

  3. Gamma globulins
  4. $\alpha$-globulins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
One half of blood is composed of water, salts, and proteins which is the fluid part of blood. The fluid part of blood is known as Plasma. Plasma is a straw-colored, viscous fluid it has about 90-92% water and 6-8% proteins.  Fibrinogen, globulins, and albumins are the major proteins present in plasma. Hence Globulin is a plasma protein. Globulins are of three types alpha, beta, and gamma. Gamma globulins are blood proteins connected with antibodies.
So, the correct answer is 'Gamma globulins'.
Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

Properdin is

  1. Neurohormone for stimulating body activities

  2. Plasma protein that destroys foreign RBC's

  3. Plasma protein involved in defence against certain bacteria and viruses

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Properdin is a gamma globulin protein present in the serum of blood. Properdin participates in certain immune functions such as it destroys foreign RBC's and is involved in the defense against certain bacteria and viruses.

So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.

Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

The liquid portion of the blood is called as 

  1. Plasma

  2. Leucocyte

  3. Serum

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Plasma is the liquid component of blood. It comprises 55 percent of the total blood volume. Plasma is composed of 90 percent water with antibodies, coagulation factors, and other substances such as electrolytes, lipids, and proteins required for maintaining the body. 

Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

Which of the following is not a component of plasma?

  1. Water

  2. Globulins

  3. Fibrinogen

  4. Platelets
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Plasma is a fluid component of blood. It comprises 55% of the total blood volume. Plasma is composed of 90% water with antibodies, coagulation factors, globulins, fibrinogens and it also contains electrolytes, lipids and proteins required for maintaining the body. Platelets are the cellular components of the blood
So, the correct answer is 'Platelets'
Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

A drop of each of the following, is placed separately on four slides. Which of them will not coagulate?

  1. Blood serum

  2. Blood from pulmonary artery

  3. Whole blood from pulmonary vein

  4. Blood plasma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Blood serum is liquid minus clotting elements of pale yellow colour. It may contain certain types of WBCs, antigens, hormones etc.  It does not have fibrinogen and other clotting materials. It does not take part in blood clotting. Hence if a drop of each of following, is placed separately on four slides blood serum will not coagulate.

 So, the correct answer is "Blood Serum."

Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

The principal cation present in the blood plasma is

  1. $K^+$
  2. $Mg^{2+}$
  3. $Ca^{2+}$
  4. $Na^+$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The plasma is a faint yellow, slightly alkaline, somewhat viscous fluid. It consists of about 90% water, 1% inorganic salts in solution and 7 to 8 % proteins in the colloidal state. The remaining 1% is formed by food materials, waste products, dissolved gases etc. The inorganic salts occur in plasma as ions. Sodium and chloride are the principal cation and anion of the plasma respectively. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

Which of the following helps to maintain the fluidity of the blood?

  1. Plasma

  2. RBC

  3. WBC

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

One half of blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets which are considered as solid part of blood and another half is composed of water, salts and proteins which is the fluid part of blood. The fluid part of blood is known as plasma. As the plasma consists of water it helps to maintain the fluidity of the blood.

So, the correct answer is 'Plasma'.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity vaccine and immunization infectious diseases - transmission and prevention infectious diseases and how to prevent them

Statement (SI) : Injections provided against the tetanus is a passive immunization
Statement (SII) : Injection provided against the tetanus contains preformed antibodies

  1. Statements SI and SII are correct

  2. Statement SI is correct but SII is incorrect

  3. Statement SI is incorrect but SII is correct

  4. Statement SI is incorrect bur SII is correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Passive immunization is the immunity which develops due to the administration of antibodies for protection from the antigens persisting in the body. Tetanus injection is given against the bacteria  Clostridium tetani. It has antibodies administered which fight this infection.

So, the correct option is 'Statements SI and SII are correct'.

Multiple choice

What is the most common type of hypersensitivity reaction?

  1. Type I

  2. Type II

  3. Type III

  4. Type IV
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Type I hypersensitivity reactions, also known as immediate hypersensitivity reactions, are the most common type. They are mediated by IgE antibodies and mast cells, and can cause symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, and difficulty breathing.

Multiple choice

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is caused by the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens, leading to complement activation and cell lysis?

  1. Type I

  2. Type II

  3. Type III

  4. Type IV
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Type II hypersensitivity reactions, also known as cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions, are caused by the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens, leading to complement activation and cell lysis. This can occur in blood transfusions, when the recipient's antibodies attack the donor's red blood cells.

Multiple choice

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by the formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues, leading to inflammation and tissue damage?

  1. Type I

  2. Type II

  3. Type III

  4. Type IV
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Type III hypersensitivity reactions, also known as immune complex hypersensitivity reactions, are characterized by the formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. This can occur in diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.

Multiple choice

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by T cells and involves a delayed response, typically taking several days to develop?

  1. Type I

  2. Type II

  3. Type III

  4. Type IV
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions, also known as cell-mediated hypersensitivity reactions, are mediated by T cells and involve a delayed response, typically taking several days to develop. This type of reaction is involved in contact dermatitis and tuberculin skin tests.

Multiple choice

What is the role of mast cells in Type I hypersensitivity reactions?

  1. They release histamine and other inflammatory mediators.

  2. They produce antibodies.

  3. They activate complement.

  4. They phagocytose antigens.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Mast cells play a crucial role in Type I hypersensitivity reactions by releasing histamine and other inflammatory mediators, such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins, upon activation by allergens.