Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,051 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice biology human system human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

Which of the following acts as middle man?

  1. W.B.C.

  2. Plasma

  3. Blood

  4. Lymph
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
As the blood passes through the capillaries in tissues, some water along with many small water-soluble substances move out into the spaces between the cells of tissues leaving the larger proteins and most of the formed elements (RBC, WBC and Platelets) in the blood vessels. This fluid released out is called the interstitial fluid or tissue fluid. It has the same mineral distribution as that in plasma. Exchange of nutrients, gases, etc., between the blood and the cells, always occur through this fluid. An elaborate network of vessels called the lymphatic system collects this fluid and drains it back to the major veins. The fluid present in the lymphatic system is called the lymph. Hence lymph acts as the middleman.
So, the correct answer is 'Lymph'.
Multiple choice biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

Cancerous cells spread through

  1. Blood

  2. Lymph

  3. Secondary growths of malignant tumour

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cancerous cells spread to other parts of the body as it is able to break away from the original (primary) tumour and get into the bloodstream or lymph system, which can carry them to another part of the body. Cancerous cells also spread through metastasis. Metastasis is the development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer. When tumour cells metastasize, the new tumour is called a secondary or a metastatic tumour, and its cells are similar to those in the original or primary tumour.

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice innate and learned behaviour option a: neurobiology and behaviour biology

Alcoholics have reduced number of

  1. Erythrocytes

  2. Leucocytes

  3. Blood platelets

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Alcohol decreases the blood supply to bone marrow, the part of body where blood cells are formed. It also causes decrease in absorption  of nutrients in the body from the food. Nutrients like zinc, folic acid, iron etc. are required for formation of blood cells. Deficiency of these nutrients due to alcohol cause decline in red blood cells (erythrocytes). white blood cells (leucocytes) and platelets. This also leads to anaemia in alcoholic persons. Hence, all options are correct.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice biology cell biology and biotechnology organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation stem cell

During injury mast cells secrete 

  1. Histamine

  2. Heparin

  3. Prothrombin

  4. Antibodies
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

the mast cells of injured tissue secrete histamine, which causes the surrounding blood vessels to dilate and increase the permeability. It gives local immune response and act as neurotransmitter.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology cell biology and biotechnology organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation stem cell

Allogeneic transplants require immunosuppressant drugs because these are transplants between

  1. Genetically different members of the same species.

  2. Genetically different members of different species.

  3. Genetically similar members of the same species.

  4. Genetically similar members of the different species.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A- Allogenic transplant takes place between genetically different members of same species. Immunosuppressant drugs are used to suppress graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) which is the result of an intricate immune response following allogeneic stimuli due to allogenic transplant.

Multiple choice biology transport in mammals blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

Which of the following are the constituents of blood?

  1. Mucus

  2. Plasma

  3. Lymph

  4. Bile
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Plasma circulates dissolved nutrients, such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids (dissolved in the blood or bound to plasma proteins), and removes waste products, such as carbon dioxide, urea, and lactic acid.

So, the correct option is 'Plasma'.

Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

Plasma do not contain

  1. Haemoglobin

  2. Water

  3. Blood cells

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

One half of blood is composed of red blood cells (consist of an oxygen-carrying protein called hemoglobin), white blood cells and platelets which are considered as solid part of blood and another half is composed of water, salts and proteins which is the fluid part of blood. The fluid part of blood is known as plasma. Hence plasma does not contain haemoglobin, blood cells.

So, the correct answer is 'Both A and C'.

Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

Major component of blood plasma is

  1. Water

  2. Inorganic substances

  3. Organic substances

  4. Blood cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

One half of blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets which are considered as solid part of blood and another half is composed of water, salts and proteins which is the fluid part of blood. The fluid part of blood is known as plasma. Plasma is a straw coloured, viscous fluid it has about 90-92% water and 6-8% proteins. Hence a major component of blood plasma is water.

So, the correct answer is 'Water'

Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

Which one is the principal cation in the plasma of blood?

  1. $K^+$
  2. $Na^+$
  3. $Ca^{2+}$
  4. $Mg^{2+}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte, and the most abundant cation, in blood plasma. Sodium plays a large role in maintaining water balance in the blood and in the tissues.The body monitors sodium and the volume of blood; sensors in certain parts of the body, such as the blood vessels and kidney, tell the kidneys whether to increase or decrease the excretion of sodium and water. Sodium also plays an important role in the functioning of nerve and muscle cells. Sodium and potassium traveling back and forth across the membranes of cells generate a charge, which can cause a muscle cell to contract or a nerve cell to transmit a signal.


So, the correct answer is 'Na+'.

Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

Plasma protein involves in defense mechanism is 

  1. Fibrinogen

  2. Globulins

  3. Albumin

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Albumin, fibrinogen and globulin are major plasma proteins in the body.  Globulins are involved in defense mechanisms of the body. These transport ions, hormones, and lipids helping in immune function. Fibrinogens are involved in the clotting or coagulation of blood. Albumins are involved in maintaining the osmotic balance.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Globulins.'

Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

The ion which is present maximum in blood plasma is

  1. K$^+$
  2. Ca$^{++}$
  3. Mg$^{++}$
  4. Na$^+$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Blood Plasma is the liquid portion of the blood. This is composed of water( 90%), ions, energy substrates, nutrients, metabolites,  antibodies, proteins, and lipoproteins. The most numerous cation in blood plasma is Na+, K+, Mg+, and Ca2+. However, Na+ is the main cation and is responsible for the plasma osmolarity.

Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

Plasma contains around .......... of water.

  1. 20%

  2. 90%

  3. 60%

  4. 40%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

It is mostly water (up to 95% by volume), and contains dissolved proteins (6–8%) (i.e.—serum albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen), glucose, clotting factors, electrolytes (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, Cl−, etc.), hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation) and oxygen.

So, the correct option is '90%'.